Option B: The Twentieth Century: international Relations from 1919

Was the Treaty of Versailles Fair?

Why was There a Need for the Treaty of Versailles?

Motives & Aims of the Big Three at Versailles

Compromises by the Big Three at Versailles

What was the Impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?

Justification for the Treaty of Versailles

To What Extent was the League of Nations a Success?

Why was the League of Nations Created?

Weaknesses of the League of Nations

What was International Diplomacy Like in the 1920s?

The League of Nations Attempts at Peacekeeping in the 1920s

How Important was the League’s Humanitarian Work?

The Impact of the Depression on the League of Nations

The League of Nations & the Manchurian Crisis

The League of Nations & the Abyssinian Crisis

Was Hitler’s Foreign Policy to Blame for the Second World War?

Context of the Second World War

The Long-Term Consequences of the Treaty of Versailles

Consequences of the Failures of the League of Nations in the 1930s

Was the Policy of Appeasement Justified?

How Did Appeasement Work in Practice?

The Importance of the Nazi–Soviet Pact

Why Did Britain & France Declare War on Germany?

Who was to Blame for the Cold War?

The Ideology of the Cold War

The Breakdown of the US–Soviet Alliance

How had the USSR Gained Control of Eastern Europe by 1948?

The US Reaction to Soviet Expansionism

Consequences of the Berlin Blockade

Who was to Blame for the Start of the Cold War?

Did the United States Contain the Spread of Communism?

Why Did Communism 'Need' to be Contained?

The USA & Events in Korea, 1950–53

The USA & Events in Cuba, 1959–62

American Involvement in Vietnam, 1955–75

How Secure was the USSR’s Control over Eastern Europe, 1948–c.1989?

Motivations & Consequences of the USSR’s Control of Eastern Europe

Opposition to Soviet Control in Hungary & Czechoslovakia

Similarity of Events in Hungary & Czechoslovakia

Why was the Berlin Wall Built in 1961?

Solidarity in Poland & the Decline of Soviet Influence

Gorbachev & the Collapse of Soviet Control over Eastern Europe

Germany, 1918–45

Was the Weimar Republic Doomed From the Start?

Germany After the End of the First World War

The Impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic

Did the Republic Recover After 1923?

What were the Achievements of the Weimar Period?

Why was Hitler Able to Dominate Germany by 1934?

What Did the Nazi Party Stand For in the 1920s?

Why Did the Nazis have Little Success Before 1930?

How Did Hitler Become Chancellor?

How Did Hitler Consolidate His Power in 1933–34?

How Effectively Did the Nazis Control Germany, 1933–45?

Opposition to the Nazi Regime

How Did the Nazis Deal with Opposition?

The Use of Culture and the Mass Media

Why were Groups Persecuted in Nazi Germany?

Was Nazi Germany a Totalitarian State?

What was it Like to Live in Nazi Germany?

How Did Young People React to the Nazi Regime?

Nazi Policies Towards Women and the Family

Who Benefitted from Nazi Rule?

Did the Second World War Change Life in Nazi Germany?

Russia, 1905–41

Why Did the Tsarist Regime Collapse in 1917?

Tsarist Russia by 1905

The Difficulties of Ruling Russia up to 1914

How Did the Tsar Survive the 1905 Revolution?

Did the First World War Weaken the Tsar?

Why was the Revolution of March 1917 Successful?

How Did the Bolsheviks Gain & Consolidate Their Rule?

How Effective was the Provisional Government in 1917?

Reasons For the Bolsheviks' Seizure of Power

Why Did the Bolsheviks Win the Civil War?

How Far was the New Economic Policy a Success?

How Did Stalin Gain & Hold on to Power?

How Did Stalin Succeed Lenin?

Why Did Stalin Launch the Purges?

Stalin's Methods to Control the Soviet Union

How Complete was Stalin’s Control by 1941?

What was the Impact of Stalin’s Economic Policies?

Why Did Stalin Introduce the Five-Year Plans?

Why Did Stalin Introduce Collectivisation?

How Successful were Stalin’s Economic Changes?

How Did These Changes Affect the Soviet People?

Study tools

• Cambridge (CIE) O Level History · Past Papers

Related links

• O Level History · Revision Notes
• O Level History · Past Papers