Which of the following best describes a wetland ecosystem?
An arid region with vegetation poorly adapted to wet conditions.
A land area that is periodically or permanently saturated with water, supporting aquatic plants and wildlife.
A flat region of the deep ocean with chemosynthetic organisms.
An area of land that drains all the streams and rainfall to a common outlet.
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Which of the following describes an ecosystem service provided by wetlands?
Wetlands release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Wetlands increase soil erosion and reduce biodiversity.
Wetlands decrease groundwater recharge by blocking water flow.
Wetlands filter pollutants from water, improving water quality.
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Which of the following describes a threat to mangrove ecosystems?
Decreased coastal fishing due to global regulations.
Natural tidal movements that distribute nutrients.
Coastal development and deforestation due to agriculture and urbanization.
Urban planning that promotes restoration projects.
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Which of the following strategies would help protect against coastal flooding in urban areas?
Constructing seawalls and restoring natural barriers like mangroves and dunes.
Removing wetlands and mangroves to create more land for development.
Increasing pavement and concrete surfaces to speed up water drainage.
Encouraging urban expansion into flood-prone coastal zones.
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Which of the following strategies would best protect mangrove ecosystems?
Converting mangrove forests into farmland to increase food production.
Increasing pollution runoff to provide more nutrients for mangrove growth.
Removing mangrove trees to create more space for tourism and recreation.
Establish buffer zones between coastal habitats and development to avoid damage to coastal habitat.
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Which of the following would be the greatest impact resulting from the loss of coastal mangrove ecosystems?
Increase fish habitat resulting in larger fish catch.
Increased coastal erosion and greater vulnerability to storm surges.
Increase in carbon storage.
Increase in tourism revenue in coastal regions.
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Which of the following would be the greatest impact resulting from the destruction of wetlands surrounding a river?
Increased flooding due to the loss of natural water absorption and filtration.
Increased dissolved oxygen levels in the river.
Decreased soil erosion along the riverbanks.
Increased biodiversity due to habitat loss.
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