AP®HistoryCollege BoardUS HistoryExam QuestionsPeriod 9: 1980-PresentMigration and Immigration in the 1990s and 2000s

Migration and Immigration in the 1990s and 2000s (College Board AP® US History): Exam Questions

6 mins6 questions
11 mark
Bar chart displaying immigrant origin by year of arrival: Europe, Asia, Latin America with data columns for 2000 or later, 1990-1999, 1980-1989, before 1980.
A graph showing the region of origin of immigrants entering the U.S from 1980-2010

What is the most significant trend in immigrant population by region of origin as shown in the graph for arrivals after 2000?

  • Immigration from Europe significantly increased

  • Immigration from Asia surpassed immigration from Latin America

  • Immigration from Latin America remained the largest source of immigrants

  • Immigration from the Caribbean peaked before 1980 and steadily declined afterward

Choose your answer

21 mark
Bar chart displaying immigrant origin by year of arrival: Europe, Asia, Latin America with data columns for 2000 or later, 1990-1999, 1980-1989, before 1980.
A graph showing the region of origin of immigrants entering the U.S from 1980-2010

Which factor most likely contributed to the high levels of immigration from Latin America shown in the graph for arrivals after 1980?

  • The Immigration Reform and Control Act allowed more Latin American immigrants to remain in the country

  • The end of immigration quotas with the passing of the Immigration and Nationality Act 

  • The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) impact on economic migration from Latin America

  • The Chinese Exclusion Act prevented a higher number of Asian immigrants from arriving in the U.S.

Choose your answer

31 mark
Bar chart displaying immigrant origin by year of arrival: Europe, Asia, Latin America with data columns for 2000 or later, 1990-1999, 1980-1989, before 1980.
A graph showing the region of origin of immigrants entering the U.S from 1980-2010

Which of the following was a demand of the Republican Party in the 21st century to address the situation reflected in the graph?

  • Increases to the quota of immigrants from Latin America

  • Support to be provided to children of illegal immigrants

  • Stricter border controls and deportation policies for illegal immigrants

  • Temporary banning of Asian immigrants attempting to enter the U.S.

Choose your answer

41 mark

"A primary consequence of Spanish-language television was that it persuaded tens of millions of U.S. Latinos to reidentify as different individuals. The United States never had a 'Hispanic' population. Latinos living across the United States constitute a tapestry of diverse societies and cultures whose peoples characteristically identify themselves by their country of origin. National Spanish-language television would have been impossible without programming, advertising, and initiatives that merged a multiplicity of nationalities into a single U.S. Latino population."

Craig Allen, Univision, Telemundo, and the Rise of Spanish-Language Television in the United States, 2020

Which of the following best describes historian Craig Allen’s argument in the excerpt?

  • The rise of Spanish-language media increased tensions between Latino communities and other ethnic groups

  • Spanish-language television contributed to the loss of cultural identity among Latino immigrants

  • Spanish-language media played a central role in unifying a previously diverse Latino population in the U.S.

  • The U.S. government actively promoted Spanish-language television as part of multicultural policy initiatives

Choose your answer

51 mark

"A primary consequence of Spanish-language television was that it persuaded tens of millions of U.S. Latinos to reidentify as different individuals. The United States never had a 'Hispanic' population. Latinos living across the United States constitute a tapestry of diverse societies and cultures whose peoples characteristically identify themselves by their country of origin. National Spanish-language television would have been impossible without programming, advertising, and initiatives that merged a multiplicity of nationalities into a single U.S. Latino population."

Craig Allen, Univision, Telemundo, and the Rise of Spanish-Language Television in the United States, 2020

Which of the following earlier historical developments is most similar to the influence of Spanish-language television as described in the excerpt?

  • The emergence of radio as a mass communication tool in the 1920s

  • The establishment of English-language night schools for immigrants in the early 20th century

  • The adoption of English-only education laws for Native American children in the late 19th century

  • The growth of ethnic newspapers for European immigrants in the 19th and early 20th centuries

Choose your answer

61 mark

"A primary consequence of Spanish-language television was that it persuaded tens of millions of U.S. Latinos to reidentify as different individuals. The United States never had a 'Hispanic' population. Latinos living across the United States constitute a tapestry of diverse societies and cultures whose peoples characteristically identify themselves by their country of origin. National Spanish-language television would have been impossible without programming, advertising, and initiatives that merged a multiplicity of nationalities into a single U.S. Latino population."

Craig Allen, Univision, Telemundo, and the Rise of Spanish-Language Television in the United States, 2020

Which of the following government policies most directly contributed to the emergence of Spanish-language television in the United States?

  •  The Immigration and Nationality Act

  • The Federal Communications Act 

  • The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

  • The Chinese Exclusion Act

Choose your answer