Exam code: 0455 & 0987
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Define population growth rate.
The population growth rate is the percentage change in the size of a country's population over time.
What is meant by net migration?
Net migration is the difference between the number of people immigrating to and emigrating from a country. It can be positive or negative.
Birth rates tend to be in developing countries and in developed countries.
Birth rates tend to be higher in developing countries and lower in developed countries.
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Define population growth rate.
The population growth rate is the percentage change in the size of a country's population over time.
What is meant by net migration?
Net migration is the difference between the number of people immigrating to and emigrating from a country. It can be positive or negative.
Birth rates tend to be in developing countries and in developed countries.
Birth rates tend to be higher in developing countries and lower in developed countries.
What effect do higher birth rates and lower death rates have on a country's population?
Higher birth rates and lower death rates both increase the population of a country.
List two reasons why birth rates are higher in developing countries.
Birth rates are higher in developing countries due to limited access to contraception and cultural or religious reasons favouring large families.
Death rates are often higher in countries with or .
Death rates are often higher in countries with poor healthcare or older populations.
True or False?
A negative net migration rate means more people are immigrating to a country than leaving it.
False.
A negative net migration rate means more people are leaving the country (emigrating) than entering it (immigrating).
Population growth rates are currently highest in countries such as Niger and lowest in countries.
Population growth rates are currently highest in less economically developed countries such as Niger and lowest in more economically developed countries.
Name two factors that can lead to positive net migration for a country.
Positive net migration can occur if a country has higher wages and job opportunities or political stability and safety.
In some MEDCs, why is the population decreasing?
In some MEDCs, the population is decreasing because the number of deaths is higher than the number of births.
Define optimum population.
An optimum population is when the number of people in a country is balanced with the available resources and technology, resulting in the highest standard of living.
What is overpopulation?
Overpopulation occurs when there are more people in a country or region than can be supported by its resources and technology, leading to a fall in the standard of living.
Define underpopulation.
Underpopulation is when there are more resources available than the population can use effectively, which may lead to wastage and a shortage of workers.
What are two major consequences of overpopulation?
Two major consequences of overpopulation are higher levels of pollution and higher unemployment or underemployment.
If a country is , it may have a of workers and underused resources.
If a country is underpopulated, it may have a shortage of workers and underused resources.
How can an ageing population affect government spending?
An ageing population increases government spending due to higher pension payments and greater demand for healthcare and social care services.
Developed economies often experience populations and birth rates.
Developed economies often experience ageing populations and falling birth rates.
What is a typical government response to falling birth rates?
Governments may offer incentives for families to have more children or change migration laws to encourage immigration.
Rapid population growth caused by can result in increased on services and housing shortages.
Rapid population growth caused by migration can result in increased pressure on services and housing shortages.
What is a population pyramid?
A population pyramid is a graphical representation showing the age and sex structure of a population.
A shows the and structure of a population.
A population pyramid shows the age and sex structure of a population.
True or False?
Population pyramids can be used to identify young dependents and the economically active population.
True.
Population pyramids show the distribution of age groups, helping identify young dependents and the economically active population.