Obedience (AQA GCSE Psychology): Exam Questions

Exam code: 8182

9 mins3 questions
1a4 marks

Read the following article.

A psychology researcher’s shocking findings about obedience!!!

The results of a psychology experiment show that most people will obey someone who gives them orders – even if that means giving someone else a life-threatening electric shock!!! The shocks were actually fake – but the participants didn’t know that.

The researcher carried out different versions of the experiment. He changed the method to test the effect on obedience levels. In every version, participants were ordered by the researcher to give shocks of increasing voltage. The highest possible voltage was 450.

In the original experiment, 65% of the participants were willing to give the highest shock. The participants could not see the person being ‘shocked’ but they could hear fake screams.

Obedience levels fell when the researcher wore everyday clothes instead of a lab coat.

Obedience levels were also lower when the experiment was carried out in an office instead of a scientific lab.

Only 19% of the participants were willing to give the highest shock when the orders were given by telephone rather than in person.

Use the article to identify two examples where the social factor of authority affected obedience levels and two examples where the social factor of proximity affected obedience levels.

Write your answers in the correct boxes

Examples of authority

Examples of proximity

1b1 mark

Briefly evaluate Milgram’s Agency theory of social factors affecting obedience.

22 marks

Outline one factor that affects obedience.

32 marks

Read the item and then answer the questions that follow.

A researcher conducted a study into obedience. An actor told people to pick up litter in a local park. The actor’s appearance was altered. In Condition A the actor wore a uniform and in Condition B he wore casual clothes. The actor told 40 people to pick up litter in each condition. The number of people who picked up litter in each condition was recorded.

Table 1: The number of people who did or did not pick up litter

Condition A

Condition B

Picked up litter

22

8

Did not pick up litter

18

32

Use your knowledge of psychology to explain why the level of obedience was different in Condition A and Condition B.