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The immune system recognises which part of a pathogen?
Antibiotic
Antigen
Active site
Antibody
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Exam code: 0610 & 0970
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Diseases & Immunity
The immune system recognises which part of a pathogen?
Antibiotic
Antigen
Active site
Antibody
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What is a pathogen?
A transmissible disease
A phagocyte that engulfs bacteria
A disease-causing organism
A bacterial cell
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In many multicellular animals, pathogens are recognised as foreign and are attacked by the immune system.
Which of the following may be produced during an immune response?
Antigens
Antibiotics
Pathogens
Antibodies
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Which body defence listed below acts as a chemical barrier?
Mucus lining the airways
Antibody production
Hairs in the nose
Phagocytosis
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Which of the options below is an example of a transmissible disease?
Obesity
Tooth decay
Cholera
Rickets
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The body has several defence mechanisms to protect against disease.
Which defence mechanism is a chemical barrier?
Hairs in the nose
Mucus
Skin
White blood cells
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The graph shows the response of the body to vaccination.
Which word should be used to replace the letter X, to complete the label on the y-axis?
Antibody
Antigen
Pathogen
Platelet
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Which cells produce mucus?
Ciliated cells
Goblet cells
Nerve cells
White blood cells
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The human body has a number of barriers to prevent infection by pathogens some of which are listed below.
Skin
Mucus
Hairs in the nose
Antibodies
Stomach acid
Which of these are examples of mechanical barriers?
1 and 3
1, 2 and 4
2 and 4
1, 3 and 5
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Which of the following diseases listed below are not caused by infectious pathogens?
Coronary Heart Disease
Cholera
AIDS
Scurvy
2 only
1 and 4
2 and 3
2, 3 and 4
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Which of the following diseases can be transmitted by contact with contaminated surfaces?
Athletes foot and malaria
Salmonella and typhoid
Influenza and dengue fever
Salmonella and athletes foot
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When a tissue is transplanted from a female donor to a male recipient, it may be rejected.
What is the main cause of this rejection?
The presence of an X chromosome
The action of platelets
The action of antibiotics
Antibody production
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Which of the following is an effect of a cholera infection?
Loss of salts from the blood
Loss of water from the blood
Blockage of the small intestine
Persistent diarrhoea
1 and 4
1, 2 and 4
3 and 4
All 4
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The diagram with the structure labelled X shows a bacterium with proteins on its surface. The diagram labelled Y shows proteins made by the human body
Which row shows the correct combination for destroying the bacterium?
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Statements 1 to 4 describe stages in the development of cholera.
Chloride ions are secreted into the gut.
Osmosis causes water to move into the gut.
The infected person becomes dehydrated.
Toxins are produced by the pathogenic bacteria.
What is the correct sequence of the four stages?
1 → 2 → 3 → 4
1 → 4 → 3 → 2
4 → 1 → 2 → 3
4 → 1 → 3 → 2
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The photomicrograph shows human blood.
Which blood component makes antibodies?
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A child is vaccinated against measles. After a period of time the child is infected with the measles virus.
The graph shows the concentration of measles antibodies in the child’s bloodstream during this time.
Which statement is consistent with the information in the graph?
After the vaccination, the child produced memory cells.
The child had passive immunity against measles.
The measles virus contains antibodies.
The vaccination failed to protect the child against measles.
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Components of the blood from a mammal are shown in the diagram below.
In which component would you expect to find the remains of the breakdown of bacterial cells.
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There are numerous ways in which a person can acquire antibodies, giving immunity to a disease. Some of these are:
Vaccination
Infection by disease
A baby feeding on breast milk
Which of the options would give a person active immunity?
1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
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Which row in the table below correctly describes the attributes of passive immunity?
| effective period | antibodies made? | involves production of memory cells? |
A | long term | yes | no |
B | long term | yes | yes |
C | short term | no | no |
D | short term | no | yes |
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What happens when a person is vaccinated against measles?
| type of immunity | production of memory cells? |
A | passive | yes |
B | passive | no |
C | active | yes |
D | active | no |
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Passive and active immunity have which of the following features in common?
They are always long-term.
They always involve the activity of memory cells.
They involve antibodies.
They can be acquired by vaccination.
1 and 2
3 only
2 and 3
3 and 4
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