3. Structure & Functions in Living Organisms: Part 2

Transport Systems

The Need for a Transport System

Role of the Xylem & Phloem

Absorption of Water by Root Hair Cells

Transpiration

Practical: Factors Affecting Transpiration

The Blood

White Blood Cells & Immunity

Vaccinations

Platelets & Blood Clotting

Structure & Function of the Heart

Heart Rate & Exercise

Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease

Blood Vessels: Structure & Function

Circulatory System: General Structure

Excretion

Excretion in Plants

Excretion in Humans

Kidney: Excretion & Osmoregulation

Structure of the Urinary System

Nephron Structure

Nephron Function

ADH & Composition of Urine

Co-ordination & Response

Response to Changes in the Environment

Homeostasis

Co-ordinating Response

Response to Stimuli: Plants

Nervous & Hormonal Control

Human Nervous System

Role of Neurotransmitters at Synapses

Simple Reflex Arc

The Human Eye: Structure

The Human Eye: Function

The Role of Skin in Temperature Regulation

The Role of Hormones: Basic

The Role of Hormones: Advanced

4. Reproduction & Inheritance

Reproduction

Sexual & Asexual Reproduction: Differences

Gametes & Fertilisation

Adaptations for Pollination

The Process of Fertilisation in Plants

Practical: Conditions for Germination

Germinating Seeds

Asexual Plant Reproduction

Human Reproductive Systems

Roles of Oestrogen & Progesterone in the Menstrual Cycle

Roles of FSH & LH in the Menstrual Cycle

Role of the Placenta

Amniotic Fluid

Development of Secondary Sexual Characteristics

Inheritance

The Genome & Genes

DNA Structure

RNA Structure

Stages of Protein Synthesis

Alleles

Key Terms in Genetics

Codominance

Polygenic Inheritance

Monohybrid Inheritance: Genetic Diagrams

Family Pedigrees

Sex Chromosomes

Mitosis

Meiosis

Random Fertilisation & Genetic Variation

Diploid vs Haploid

Variation with a Species

Mutation

Mutations: Advanced

Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

Antibiotic Resistance

5. Ecology & the Environment

The Organism in the Environment

Population, Community, Habitat & Ecosystem

Practical: Investigating Population Size

Biodiversity

Practical: Investigating the Distribution of Organisms

Abiotic & Biotic Factors

Feeding Relationships

Trophic Levels

Food chains, Food webs & Pyramids

Transfers Along a Food Chain

Cycles within Ecosystems

Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Human Influences on the Environment

Biological Consequences of Air Pollution

Greenhouse Gases

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

Biological Consequences of Water Pollution

The Effects of Deforestation

6. Use of Biological Resources

Food Production

Crop Plants: Glasshouses & Polythene Tunnels

Crop Plants: Increasing Carbon Dioxide & Temperature

Crop Plants: Fertiliser

Crop Plants: Pest Control

Yeast in Food Production

Practical: Investigating Anaerobic Respiration in Yeast

Role of Bacteria in Yoghurt Production

Industrial Fermenters

Fish Farming

Selective Breeding

Selective Breeding in Plants

Selective Breeding in Animals

Genetic Modification (Genetic Engineering)

The Process of Genetic Modification

Manufacturing Human Insulin

GM Plants & Food Production

Transgenic

Cloning

Micropropagation

The Production of Cloned Mammals

Exam boards

• Edexcel IGCSE Biology (Modular): Unit 1
• Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Biology
• Edexcel IGCSE Biology

Study tools

• Edexcel IGCSE Biology (Modular) · Exam Questions
• Edexcel IGCSE Biology (Modular) · Past Papers

Related links

• IGCSE Biology · Revision Notes
• IGCSE Biology · Exam Questions
• IGCSE Biology · Flashcards
• IGCSE Biology · Past Papers