Define gravitational potential energy .

Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has due to its height in a gravitational field .

What happens to an object's gravitational potential store when it is lifted, and when it falls?

If an object is lifted , energy is transferred to its gravitational potential store. If an object falls , energy is transferred away from its gravitational potential store.

The gravitational field strength on the surface of the ______ is less than on the Earth, so it would be ______ to lift a mass there than on the Earth.

The gravitational field strength on the surface of the Moon is less than on the Earth, so it would be easier to lift a mass there than on the Earth.

True or False? The gravitational field strength on the surface of a gas giant such as Jupiter is less than that on Earth.

False. The gravitational field strength on the surface of a gas giant is greater than on Earth, so it would be harder to lift a mass there than on Earth.

Define the energy in an object's kinetic store.

Kinetic energy is the amount of energy an object has as a result of its mass and speed .

True or False? Any object in motion has energy in its kinetic energy store.

True. Any object that is moving , regardless of speed, has energy in its kinetic store.

In the kinetic energy equation, the most common mistake students make is forgetting to ______ the speed.

In the kinetic energy equation, the most common mistake students make is forgetting to square the speed.

Define a closed system .

A closed system is a system where there is no net change to the total energy in that system.

What happens to a system when it is in equilibrium, and when there is a change in the system?

When a system is in equilibrium , nothing changes and so nothing happens. When there is a change in a system, energy is transferred .

State the principle of conservation of energy .

Energy cannot be created or destroyed , it can only be transferred from one store to another.

Dissipated energy transfers are often not useful, and can then be described as ______ energy.

Dissipated energy transfers are often not useful, and can then be described as wasted energy.

True or False? In a closed system, the total energy transferred in must equal the total energy transferred out.

True. This follows from the conservation of energy, so the total energy in the system remains constant .

On a Sankey diagram, what does the straight arrow pointing to the right represent, and what does the arrow that bends away represent?

The straight arrow represents the useful energy output . The arrow that bends away represents the wasted energy .

Describe the energy transfer taking place as a ball is thrown upwards and rises in height.

Energy is transferred from the person's chemical store to the kinetic store of the ball as it is thrown. As its height increases, energy is transferred from the ball's kinetic store to its gravitational potential store .

Describe the energy transfers that take place when a moving car hits a wall.

Most of the energy from the car's kinetic store is transferred to the thermal store of the surroundings. Energy is transferred mechanically to the thermal store of the wall, and by heating to the thermal store of the air via sound waves.

As a vehicle slows down, energy is transferred from the ______ store of the vehicle to the ______ store of the surroundings due to ______ between the tyres and the ground and between the brakes and the brake pads.

As a vehicle slows down, energy is transferred from the kinetic store of the vehicle to the thermal store of the surroundings due to friction between the tyres and the ground and between the brakes and the brake pads.

Describe the energy transfer taking place when an electric kettle boils water.

Energy is transferred electrically from the mains supply to the thermal store of the heating element, then transferred by heating to the thermal store of the water.

State the sequence of useful energy transfers taking place as a person jumps on a trampoline.

Elastic potential energy ➝ kinetic energy ➝ gravitational potential energy.

GCSEPhysicsEdexcelFlashcards3. Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy

Conservation of Energy (Edexcel GCSE Physics): Flashcards

Exam code: 1PH0

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FrontGravitational Potential Energy
Define gravitational potential energy.
FrontGravitational Potential Energy
State the equation for the change in gravitational potential energy, ΔGPE, including units for each quantity.
BackGravitational Potential Energy
$∆ G P E = m \times g \times ∆ h$
Where:
$m$ = mass, measured in kilograms (kg)
$g$ = gravitational field strength, measured in newtons per kilogram (N/kg)
$∆ h$ = change in vertical height, measured in metres (m)

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Cards in this collection (23)

Define gravitational potential energy.
Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has due to its height in a gravitational field.
What happens to an object's gravitational potential store when it is lifted, and when it falls?
If an object is lifted, energy is transferred to its gravitational potential store. If an object falls, energy is transferred away from its gravitational potential store.
State the equation for the change in gravitational potential energy, ΔGPE, including units for each quantity.
$∆ G P E = m \times g \times ∆ h$
Where:
- $m$ = mass, measured in kilograms (kg)
- $g$ = gravitational field strength, measured in newtons per kilogram (N/kg)
- $∆ h$ = change in vertical height, measured in metres (m)
The gravitational field strength on the surface of the ______ is less than on the Earth, so it would be ______ to lift a mass there than on the Earth.
The gravitational field strength on the surface of the Moon is less than on the Earth, so it would be easier to lift a mass there than on the Earth.
What value of gravitational field strength, g, should be used in calculations unless told otherwise?
g = 10 N/kg.
True or False?
The gravitational field strength on the surface of a gas giant such as Jupiter is less than that on Earth.
False.
The gravitational field strength on the surface of a gas giant is greater than on Earth, so it would be harder to lift a mass there than on Earth.
Define the energy in an object's kinetic store.
Kinetic energy is the amount of energy an object has as a result of its mass and speed.
True or False?
Any object in motion has energy in its kinetic energy store.
True.
Any object that is moving, regardless of speed, has energy in its kinetic store.
State the equation for kinetic energy, KE, including units for each quantity.
$K E = \frac{1}{2} \times m \times v^{2}$
Where:
- $K E$ = kinetic energy, measured in joules (J)
- $m$ = mass, measured in kilograms (kg)
- $v$ = speed, measured in metres per second (m/s)
In the kinetic energy equation, the most common mistake students make is forgetting to ______ the speed.
In the kinetic energy equation, the most common mistake students make is forgetting to square the speed.
A vehicle of mass 1200 kg moves at a speed of 27 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy to two significant figures.
$K E = \frac{1}{2} \times 1200 \times (27)^{2} = 437400 J$
Rounded to two significant figures: KE = 440 000 J.
Define a closed system.
A closed system is a system where there is no net change to the total energy in that system.
What happens to a system when it is in equilibrium, and when there is a change in the system?
When a system is in equilibrium, nothing changes and so nothing happens. When there is a change in a system, energy is transferred.
State the principle of conservation of energy.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one store to another.
Dissipated energy transfers are often not useful, and can then be described as ______ energy.
Dissipated energy transfers are often not useful, and can then be described as wasted energy.
True or False?
In a closed system, the total energy transferred in must equal the total energy transferred out.
True.
This follows from the conservation of energy, so the total energy in the system remains constant.
On a Sankey diagram, what does the straight arrow pointing to the right represent, and what does the arrow that bends away represent?
The straight arrow represents the useful energy output. The arrow that bends away represents the wasted energy.
A Sankey diagram shows 500 J of total energy input and 120 J of useful energy output. Calculate the wasted energy.
$Wasted energy = Total energy in - Useful energy out$
$= 500 - 120 = 380 J$
Describe the energy transfer taking place as a ball is thrown upwards and rises in height.
Energy is transferred from the person's chemical store to the kinetic store of the ball as it is thrown. As its height increases, energy is transferred from the ball's kinetic store to its gravitational potential store.
Describe the energy transfers that take place when a moving car hits a wall.
Most of the energy from the car's kinetic store is transferred to the thermal store of the surroundings. Energy is transferred mechanically to the thermal store of the wall, and by heating to the thermal store of the air via sound waves.
As a vehicle slows down, energy is transferred from the ______ store of the vehicle to the ______ store of the surroundings due to ______ between the tyres and the ground and between the brakes and the brake pads.
As a vehicle slows down, energy is transferred from the kinetic store of the vehicle to the thermal store of the surroundings due to friction between the tyres and the ground and between the brakes and the brake pads.
Describe the energy transfer taking place when an electric kettle boils water.
Energy is transferred electrically from the mains supply to the thermal store of the heating element, then transferred by heating to the thermal store of the water.
State the sequence of useful energy transfers taking place as a person jumps on a trampoline.
Elastic potential energy ➝ kinetic energy ➝ gravitational potential energy.

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