The nucleus is the tiny, dense region at the centre of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons .

Where are electrons found in an atom, and what charge do they have?

Electrons orbit around the nucleus and have a negative charge.

State the relative charge and relative mass of a proton and a neutron .

A proton has a relative charge of +1 and a relative mass of one. A neutron has no charge and a relative mass of one.

How does the mass of an electron compare to the mass of a proton or neutron?

An electron has a negligible mass compared to a proton or neutron.

The radius of the nucleus is ______ than the radius of the whole atom, yet it contains almost ______ of the atom's mass.

The radius of the nucleus is much smaller than the radius of the whole atom, yet it contains almost all of the atom's mass.

True or False? The nucleus of an atom contains protons and electrons.

False. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons ; electrons orbit around the nucleus.

A diode is a component that allows current to flow in one direction only.

How should an ammeter be connected in a circuit, and why?

An ammeter is connected in series with the component, so that all the current passes through it.

How should a voltmeter be connected in a circuit?

A voltmeter is connected in parallel with the component being measured, across it.

In a circuit, current is always considered to flow from the ______ terminal to the ______ terminal of the power supply.

In a circuit, current is always considered to flow from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the power supply.

True or False? The resistance of an ammeter and a voltmeter must be included when analysing a circuit.

False. In exam questions, the resistance of ammeters and voltmeters is taken as negligible .

Define potential difference .

Potential difference is the amount of energy transferred per unit of charge passing through the terminals.

One ______ is equivalent to one ______ per coulomb.

One volt is equivalent to one joule per coulomb.

How is a voltmeter connected to measure the potential difference across a component?

A voltmeter is connected in parallel with the component, i.e. "across" it.

What sets up a potential difference across a circuit?

The terminals of a cell, making one end of the circuit positive and the other negative.

True or False? Potential difference and voltage mean the same thing.

True. Potential difference is sometimes also called voltage .

Define electric current .

Electric current is the rate of flow of charge — the amount of charge passing a point per second.

Why are the wires in an electric circuit made of metal?

Metal is a good conductor of electric current.

How is current measured, and how must the measuring instrument be connected?

Current is measured using an ammeter , which must be connected in series with the component.

In metal wires, an electric current is a flow of ______ .

In metal wires, an electric current is a flow of electrons .

True or False? A current of 10 mA is equal to 10 × 10⁻³ A.

True. The prefix milli (m) means × 10⁻³, so 10 mA = 10 × 10⁻³ A.

What two conditions are needed for a current to flow in a circuit?

The circuit must include a source of potential difference , and the circuit must be closed , with no gaps.

Define conventional current .

Conventional current is the flow of positive charge from the positive terminal of a cell to the negative terminal .

How does the current at any point in a series circuit compare to the current at any other point?

It is the same at every point, since charge is conserved.

What happens to current at a junction where two or more wires meet?

The current flowing into the junction equals the current flowing out of it.

Sources of potential difference include a cell, a battery, and an electrical ______ .

Sources of potential difference include a cell, a battery, and an electrical generator .

True or False? If ammeter A₀ reads 10 A and ammeter A₁ reads 6 A either side of a junction, ammeter A₂ must read 4 A.

True. Since current is conserved at a junction, 10 A − 6 A = 4 A .

What is the difference between a fixed resistor and a variable resistor ?

A fixed resistor has a resistance that stays constant. A variable resistor 's resistance can be changed by the user.

How does the length of a wire affect its resistance?

A longer wire has more resistance than a shorter wire.

How does increasing the resistance in a circuit affect the current, and vice versa?

The larger the resistance, the smaller the current. The smaller the resistance, the larger the current.

Which components have a resistance that changes with the current flowing through them?

Lamps , diodes (including LEDs), thermistors , and LDRs .

Once the resistance of a fixed or variable resistor is set, it stays at this value no matter how the ______ changes.

Once the resistance of a fixed or variable resistor is set, it stays at this value no matter how the current changes.

True or False? A resistor of resistance 10 Ω with a current of 0.3 A through it has a potential difference of 3 V across it.

True. V = IR = 0.3 × 10 = 3 V .

GCSEPhysicsEdexcelFlashcards10. Electricity & CircuitsCurrent, Potential Difference & Resistance

Current, Potential Difference & Resistance (Edexcel GCSE Physics): Flashcards

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Define nucleus.

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Cards in this collection (38)

Define nucleus.
The nucleus is the tiny, dense region at the centre of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons.
Where are electrons found in an atom, and what charge do they have?
Electrons orbit around the nucleus and have a negative charge.
State the relative charge and relative mass of a proton and a neutron.
A proton has a relative charge of +1 and a relative mass of one. A neutron has no charge and a relative mass of one.
How does the mass of an electron compare to the mass of a proton or neutron?
An electron has a negligible mass compared to a proton or neutron.
The radius of the nucleus is ______ than the radius of the whole atom, yet it contains almost ______ of the atom's mass.
The radius of the nucleus is much smaller than the radius of the whole atom, yet it contains almost all of the atom's mass.
True or False?
The nucleus of an atom contains protons and electrons.
False.
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons; electrons orbit around the nucleus.
Define diode.
A diode is a component that allows current to flow in one direction only.
How should an ammeter be connected in a circuit, and why?
An ammeter is connected in series with the component, so that all the current passes through it.
How should a voltmeter be connected in a circuit?
A voltmeter is connected in parallel with the component being measured, across it.
What happens to the resistance of a thermistor as its temperature increases?
Its resistance decreases.
What happens to the resistance of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) as light intensity increases?
Its resistance decreases.
In a circuit, current is always considered to flow from the ______ terminal to the ______ terminal of the power supply.
In a circuit, current is always considered to flow from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the power supply.
True or False?
The resistance of an ammeter and a voltmeter must be included when analysing a circuit.
False.
In exam questions, the resistance of ammeters and voltmeters is taken as negligible.
Define potential difference.
Potential difference is the amount of energy transferred per unit of charge passing through the terminals.
State the equation linking potential difference (V), energy transferred (E) and charge (Q).
$V = \frac{E}{Q}$
One ______ is equivalent to one ______ per coulomb.
One volt is equivalent to one joule per coulomb.
How is a voltmeter connected to measure the potential difference across a component?
A voltmeter is connected in parallel with the component, i.e. "across" it.
What sets up a potential difference across a circuit?
The terminals of a cell, making one end of the circuit positive and the other negative.
True or False?
Potential difference and voltage mean the same thing.
True.
Potential difference is sometimes also called voltage.
Define electric current.
Electric current is the rate of flow of charge — the amount of charge passing a point per second.
State the equation linking current (I), charge (Q) and time (t).
$I = \frac{Q}{t}$
Why are the wires in an electric circuit made of metal?
Metal is a good conductor of electric current.
How is current measured, and how must the measuring instrument be connected?
Current is measured using an ammeter, which must be connected in series with the component.
In metal wires, an electric current is a flow of ______.
In metal wires, an electric current is a flow of electrons.
True or False?
A current of 10 mA is equal to 10 × 10⁻³ A.
True.
The prefix milli (m) means × 10⁻³, so 10 mA = 10 × 10⁻³ A.
What two conditions are needed for a current to flow in a circuit?
The circuit must include a source of potential difference, and the circuit must be closed, with no gaps.
Define conventional current.
Conventional current is the flow of positive charge from the positive terminal of a cell to the negative terminal.
How does the current at any point in a series circuit compare to the current at any other point?
It is the same at every point, since charge is conserved.
What happens to current at a junction where two or more wires meet?
The current flowing into the junction equals the current flowing out of it.
Sources of potential difference include a cell, a battery, and an electrical ______.
Sources of potential difference include a cell, a battery, and an electrical generator.
True or False?
If ammeter A₀ reads 10 A and ammeter A₁ reads 6 A either side of a junction, ammeter A₂ must read 4 A.
True.
Since current is conserved at a junction, 10 A − 6 A = 4 A.
What is the difference between a fixed resistor and a variable resistor?
A fixed resistor has a resistance that stays constant. A variable resistor's resistance can be changed by the user.
How does the length of a wire affect its resistance?
A longer wire has more resistance than a shorter wire.
How does increasing the resistance in a circuit affect the current, and vice versa?
The larger the resistance, the smaller the current. The smaller the resistance, the larger the current.
Which components have a resistance that changes with the current flowing through them?
Lamps, diodes (including LEDs), thermistors, and LDRs.
State the equation linking potential difference (V), current (I) and resistance (R).
$V = I R$
Once the resistance of a fixed or variable resistor is set, it stays at this value no matter how the ______ changes.
Once the resistance of a fixed or variable resistor is set, it stays at this value no matter how the current changes.
True or False?
A resistor of resistance 10 Ω with a current of 0.3 A through it has a potential difference of 3 V across it.
True.
V = IR = 0.3 × 10 = 3 V.

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