A distortion is a change of shape, which can be either elastic or inelastic .

What are the three ways a stationary object can change shape when multiple forces act on it?

Stretching , bending and compressing (or a combination of all three).

What two forces cause an object to be compressed ?

Two forces acting in opposite directions, towards the object.

What forces cause an object to be bent ?

Multiple forces acting in opposing directions, at different points on the object.

Define elastic distortion .

When an object returns to its original shape once the stretching force is removed.

Materials such as plastic, clay and glass undergo ______ distortion, meaning they do not return completely to their original shape when the force is removed.

Materials such as plastic, clay and glass undergo inelastic distortion, meaning they do not return completely to their original shape when the force is removed.

True or False? Rubber bands undergo inelastic distortion.

False. Rubber bands undergo elastic distortion — they return to their original shape when the stretching force is removed.

The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied, up to the limit of proportionality .

Define the limit of proportionality .

The point beyond which the relationship between force and extension is no longer directly proportional .

A spring has an original length of 40 cm. A force is applied and its new length becomes 46 cm. Calculate the extension.

Extension = final length − original length = 46 − 40 = 6 cm .

What does a higher spring constant, k , tell you about a spring?

The spring is stiffer — a greater force is needed to produce the same extension.

Hooke's law is represented by a ______ on a force-extension graph.

Hooke's law is represented by a straight line on a force-extension graph.

True or False? A graph that is linear must also be proportional.

False. Linear just means a straight line; proportional means a straight line that also passes through the origin .

Define elastic potential energy .

The energy stored in an elastic object when work is done on the object.

Under what condition does the elastic potential energy equation apply?

The spring must not be stretched beyond its limit of proportionality .

If the extension of a spring is doubled, what happens to the elastic potential energy stored?

It quadruples , since extension is squared in the equation (2² = 4).

Provided a spring is not stretched beyond its limit of proportionality, the ______ done on it is equal to the elastic potential energy stored.

Provided a spring is not stretched beyond its limit of proportionality, the work done on it is equal to the elastic potential energy stored.

True or False? Elastic potential energy is only stored when a spring is stretched, not compressed.

False. Elastic potential energy is stored when a spring is either stretched or compressed by a force.

What is the aim of the Hooke's law core practical?

To investigate the relationship between force and extension for a spring.

What are the independent, dependent and control variables in the Hooke's law core practical?

Independent = force , F ; dependent = extension , x ; control = spring constant , k .

In the Hooke's law core practical, what piece of equipment improves the accuracy of extension measurements, and why?

A fiducial marker (pointer) — it allows the extension to be read more precisely from the ruler.

In the Hooke's law core practical, how should the ruler be positioned when taking length measurements, and why?

At eye level , to avoid parallax error .

In the Hooke's law core practical, why should you wait a few seconds after adding a mass before taking a reading?

To allow the spring to fully extend before its new length is measured.

The extension of a loaded spring is calculated using final length – ______ .

The extension of a loaded spring is calculated using final length – original length .

True or False? In the Hooke's law core practical, the original length of the spring is recorded when a mass is already attached.

False. The original length is recorded when there are no masses on the spring.

Name two safety precautions to take during the Hooke's law core practical.

Safety precautions in this experiment: Wear goggles Stand up with feet clear of the masses Place a soft mat below the masses Use a G clamp to secure the clamp stand

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Forces & Elasticity (Edexcel GCSE Combined Science: Physics): Flashcards

Exam code: 1SC0

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Cards in this collection (29)

Define distortion.
A distortion is a change of shape, which can be either elastic or inelastic.
What are the three ways a stationary object can change shape when multiple forces act on it?
Stretching, bending and compressing (or a combination of all three).
What two forces cause an object to be compressed?
Two forces acting in opposite directions, towards the object.
What forces cause an object to be bent?
Multiple forces acting in opposing directions, at different points on the object.
Define elastic distortion.
When an object returns to its original shape once the stretching force is removed.
Materials such as plastic, clay and glass undergo ______ distortion, meaning they do not return completely to their original shape when the force is removed.
Materials such as plastic, clay and glass undergo inelastic distortion, meaning they do not return completely to their original shape when the force is removed.
True or False?
Rubber bands undergo inelastic distortion.
False.
Rubber bands undergo elastic distortion — they return to their original shape when the stretching force is removed.
Define Hooke's law.
The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied, up to the limit of proportionality.
Define the limit of proportionality.
The point beyond which the relationship between force and extension is no longer directly proportional.
What equation links force, spring constant and extension?
$F = k x$
where F is force in newtons (N), k is the spring constant in newtons per metre (N/m) and x is extension in metres (m).
A spring has an original length of 40 cm. A force is applied and its new length becomes 46 cm. Calculate the extension.
Extension = final length − original length = 46 − 40 = 6 cm.
What does a higher spring constant, k, tell you about a spring?
The spring is stiffer — a greater force is needed to produce the same extension.
Hooke's law is represented by a ______ on a force-extension graph.
Hooke's law is represented by a straight line on a force-extension graph.
True or False?
A graph that is linear must also be proportional.
False.
Linear just means a straight line; proportional means a straight line that also passes through the origin.
Define elastic potential energy.
The energy stored in an elastic object when work is done on the object.
What equation is used to calculate elastic potential energy?
$E = \frac{1}{2} k x^{2}$
where E is energy in joules (J), k is the spring constant in newtons per metre (N/m) and x is extension in metres (m).
Under what condition does the elastic potential energy equation apply?
The spring must not be stretched beyond its limit of proportionality.
If the extension of a spring is doubled, what happens to the elastic potential energy stored?
It quadruples, since extension is squared in the equation (2² = 4).
A spring with spring constant 200 N/m is stretched by 0.05 m. Calculate the elastic potential energy stored.
$E = \frac{1}{2} \times 200 \times 0 . 05^{2} = 0.25 J$
Provided a spring is not stretched beyond its limit of proportionality, the ______ done on it is equal to the elastic potential energy stored.
Provided a spring is not stretched beyond its limit of proportionality, the work done on it is equal to the elastic potential energy stored.
True or False?
Elastic potential energy is only stored when a spring is stretched, not compressed.
False.
Elastic potential energy is stored when a spring is either stretched or compressed by a force.
What is the aim of the Hooke's law core practical?
To investigate the relationship between force and extension for a spring.
What are the independent, dependent and control variables in the Hooke's law core practical?
Independent = force, F; dependent = extension, x; control = spring constant, k.
In the Hooke's law core practical, what piece of equipment improves the accuracy of extension measurements, and why?
A fiducial marker (pointer) — it allows the extension to be read more precisely from the ruler.
In the Hooke's law core practical, how should the ruler be positioned when taking length measurements, and why?
At eye level, to avoid parallax error.
In the Hooke's law core practical, why should you wait a few seconds after adding a mass before taking a reading?
To allow the spring to fully extend before its new length is measured.
The extension of a loaded spring is calculated using final length – ______.
The extension of a loaded spring is calculated using final length – original length.
True or False?
In the Hooke's law core practical, the original length of the spring is recorded when a mass is already attached.
False.
The original length is recorded when there are no masses on the spring.
Name two safety precautions to take during the Hooke's law core practical.
Safety precautions in this experiment:
- Wear goggles
- Stand up with feet clear of the masses
- Place a soft mat below the masses
- Use a G clamp to secure the clamp stand

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