Energy & Feeding Relationships (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award): Biology): Flashcards
Exam code: 0654 & 0973
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- FrontTransfer of Energy
What is the principal source of energy for almost all ecosystems?
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Cards in this collection (27)
What is the principal source of energy for almost all ecosystems?
The Sun.
How does energy from the Sun enter a food chain?
Light energy is absorbed by producers (plants).
It is converted into chemical energy by photosynthesis.
The is the principal source of energy for almost all ecosystems.
Sun
How is energy passed along a food chain?
Energy is transferred from one organism to the next when organisms are eaten.
Energy enters most food chains when carry out photosynthesis.
producers
Food chain
A diagram showing the transfer of energy from one organism to the next, beginning with a producer.
Producer
An organism that makes its own food by photosynthesis (e.g. a plant).
Consumer
An organism that gets its energy by feeding on other organisms.
Food web
A network of interconnected food chains.
A food chain always begins with a .
producer
What is the difference between a herbivore and a carnivore?
A herbivore eats only plants.
A carnivore eats other animals.
Decomposer
An organism (such as bacteria or fungi) that breaks down dead material.
Trophic level
The position of an organism in a food chain or food web.
Name the trophic levels in order (Extended).
Producer (1st trophic level)
Primary consumer (herbivore)
Secondary consumer (carnivore)
Tertiary consumer
are always at the first trophic level of a food chain.
Producers
A primary consumer is a , which eats producers.
herbivore
What is a consumer at the fifth trophic level called?
A quaternary consumer.
How is energy lost between trophic levels (Extended)?
Respiration, which releases energy as heat.
Movement.
Undigested waste (faeces) and excretion.
On average, only about % of energy is transferred to the next trophic level.
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Why are food chains usually short (Extended)?
Energy is lost at each trophic level.
So there is not enough energy to support many trophic levels (usually no more than four or five).
Why are there usually fewer organisms at higher trophic levels?
Less energy is available at each higher level, so fewer organisms can be supported.
releases energy as heat, which is one way energy is lost from a food chain.
Respiration
Which processes add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?
Respiration by living organisms.
Combustion (burning) of fossil fuels and wood.
Decomposition of dead material.
Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis by plants (producers).
removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis
Respiration, combustion and decomposition all carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
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What is the role of decomposers in the carbon cycle?
They break down dead organisms.
This releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere through their respiration.
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