How does the position of a metal in the reactivity series affect how easy it is to extract from its ore?

The higher a metal is in the reactivity series, the more difficult it is to extract from its ore. Metals at the top require electrolysis, while metals below carbon can be extracted by reduction with carbon or carbon monoxide.

Metals above ______ in the reactivity series must be extracted by ______ , while metals below it can be extracted by heating with carbon.

Metals above carbon in the reactivity series must be extracted by electrolysis , while metals below it can be extracted by heating with carbon.

Why is metal extraction from an ore described as a reduction process?

Metal extraction is a reduction process because many metal ores are oxides, and extracting the metal involves removing oxygen from the compound. Removal of oxygen is the definition of reduction.

True or False? Gold is usually found as a compound in ores because it is highly reactive.

False. Gold is found uncombined (as a native metal) in the Earth's crust because it is very unreactive and does not easily react with other substances.

How would you extract copper from copper ore, and why is this method appropriate?

Copper is extracted by heating its ore with carbon (or carbon monoxide). This method is appropriate because copper is below carbon in the reactivity series, so carbon is more reactive and can displace the copper from its ore.

Gold and platinum are described as ______ metals because they are found as uncombined ______ in the Earth's crust.

Gold and platinum are described as native metals because they are found as uncombined elements in the Earth's crust.

What are the three raw materials added to the top of a blast furnace to extract iron from hematite?

The three raw materials added to the top of a blast furnace are: Iron ore (hematite) Coke (an impure form of carbon) Limestone (calcium carbonate).

In the blast furnace, carbon monoxide is the main ______ agent. It reduces iron(III) oxide to produce ______ iron.

In the blast furnace, carbon monoxide is the main reducing agent. It reduces iron(III) oxide to produce molten iron.

What is the role of limestone in the blast furnace?

Limestone (calcium carbonate) is added to remove impurities, particularly silicon dioxide (sand), from the iron ore. It thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide, which reacts with silicon dioxide to form slag (calcium silicate), which is tapped off separately.

True or False? In the blast furnace, iron(III) oxide is oxidised to produce iron.

False. In the blast furnace, iron(III) oxide is reduced (not oxidised) to produce iron. Oxygen is removed from the iron(III) oxide, which is the definition of reduction.

Write the balanced symbol equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide in the blast furnace.

The balanced symbol equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide is: Fe 2 O 3 (s) + 3CO (g) → 2Fe (l) + 3CO 2 (g)

In the blast furnace, how is carbon monoxide formed from coke and carbon dioxide?

Carbon monoxide is formed when coke (carbon) reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures. C (s) + CO 2 (g) → 2CO (g)

In the blast furnace, coke burns in hot air to form ______ , which provides ______ for the furnace.

In the blast furnace, coke burns in hot air to form carbon dioxide , which provides heat for the furnace.

What is slag, and how is it formed in the blast furnace?

Slag is calcium silicate (CaSiO 3 ), formed when calcium oxide reacts with silicon dioxide impurities in the iron ore. Slag is molten and floats on top of the liquid iron, where it can be tapped off separately.

What is the main ore of aluminium, and what method is used to extract aluminium from it?

The main ore of aluminium is bauxite. Aluminium is extracted from bauxite by electrolysis.

Aluminium cannot be extracted by heating with carbon because aluminium is ______ reactive than carbon.

Aluminium cannot be extracted by heating with carbon because aluminium is more reactive than carbon.

Why must aluminium be extracted by electrolysis rather than by reduction with carbon?

Aluminium must be extracted by electrolysis because it is more reactive than carbon. A metal can only be displaced from its ore by reduction with carbon if the metal is less reactive than carbon. Because aluminium is above carbon in the reactivity series, carbon cannot reduce aluminium oxide.

True or False? Aluminium is extracted from hematite using electrolysis.

False. Aluminium is extracted from bauxite (not hematite) using electrolysis. Hematite is the ore of iron, which is extracted by reduction with carbon monoxide in the blast furnace.

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, the aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite. Why is it dissolved in cryolite rather than used as a solid?

Aluminium oxide must be dissolved in molten cryolite so that the ions are free to move and carry charge. In the solid state, the ions cannot move, so electrolysis cannot occur.

Which electrode does aluminium form at during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, and why?

Aluminium forms at the cathode (negative electrode). Al 3+ ions are attracted to the cathode, where they gain electrons and are reduced to form aluminium metal.

IGCSEScienceCambridge (CIE)Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award)ChemistryFlashcards9. MetalsExtraction of Metals

Extraction of Metals (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award): Chemistry): Flashcards

Exam code: 0654 & 0973

1/20

0Still learning

Know0

FrontExtraction of Metals
How does the position of a metal in the reactivity series affect how easy it is to extract from its ore?

Was this flashcard helpful?

Cards in this collection (20)

How does the position of a metal in the reactivity series affect how easy it is to extract from its ore?
The higher a metal is in the reactivity series, the more difficult it is to extract from its ore. Metals at the top require electrolysis, while metals below carbon can be extracted by reduction with carbon or carbon monoxide.
Metals above ______ in the reactivity series must be extracted by ______, while metals below it can be extracted by heating with carbon.
Metals above carbon in the reactivity series must be extracted by electrolysis, while metals below it can be extracted by heating with carbon.
Why is metal extraction from an ore described as a reduction process?
Metal extraction is a reduction process because many metal ores are oxides, and extracting the metal involves removing oxygen from the compound. Removal of oxygen is the definition of reduction.
True or False?
Gold is usually found as a compound in ores because it is highly reactive.
False.
Gold is found uncombined (as a native metal) in the Earth's crust because it is very unreactive and does not easily react with other substances.
How would you extract copper from copper ore, and why is this method appropriate?
Copper is extracted by heating its ore with carbon (or carbon monoxide). This method is appropriate because copper is below carbon in the reactivity series, so carbon is more reactive and can displace the copper from its ore.
Gold and platinum are described as ______ metals because they are found as uncombined ______ in the Earth's crust.
Gold and platinum are described as native metals because they are found as uncombined elements in the Earth's crust.
What are the three raw materials added to the top of a blast furnace to extract iron from hematite?
The three raw materials added to the top of a blast furnace are:
1. Iron ore (hematite)
2. Coke (an impure form of carbon)
3. Limestone (calcium carbonate).
In the blast furnace, carbon monoxide is the main ______ agent. It reduces iron(III) oxide to produce ______ iron.
In the blast furnace, carbon monoxide is the main reducing agent. It reduces iron(III) oxide to produce molten iron.
What is the role of limestone in the blast furnace?
Limestone (calcium carbonate) is added to remove impurities, particularly silicon dioxide (sand), from the iron ore.
It thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide, which reacts with silicon dioxide to form slag (calcium silicate), which is tapped off separately.
True or False?
In the blast furnace, iron(III) oxide is oxidised to produce iron.
False.
In the blast furnace, iron(III) oxide is reduced (not oxidised) to produce iron. Oxygen is removed from the iron(III) oxide, which is the definition of reduction.
Write the balanced symbol equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide in the blast furnace.
The balanced symbol equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide is:
Fe₂O₃ (s) + 3CO (g) → 2Fe (l) + 3CO₂ (g)
In the blast furnace, how is carbon monoxide formed from coke and carbon dioxide?
Carbon monoxide is formed when coke (carbon) reacts with carbon dioxide at high temperatures.
C (s) + CO₂ (g) → 2CO (g)
In the blast furnace, coke burns in hot air to form ______, which provides ______ for the furnace.
In the blast furnace, coke burns in hot air to form carbon dioxide, which provides heat for the furnace.
What is slag, and how is it formed in the blast furnace?
Slag is calcium silicate (CaSiO₃), formed when calcium oxide reacts with silicon dioxide impurities in the iron ore.
Slag is molten and floats on top of the liquid iron, where it can be tapped off separately.
What is the main ore of aluminium, and what method is used to extract aluminium from it?
The main ore of aluminium is bauxite. Aluminium is extracted from bauxite by electrolysis.
Aluminium cannot be extracted by heating with carbon because aluminium is ______ reactive than carbon.
Aluminium cannot be extracted by heating with carbon because aluminium is more reactive than carbon.
Why must aluminium be extracted by electrolysis rather than by reduction with carbon?
Aluminium must be extracted by electrolysis because it is more reactive than carbon. A metal can only be displaced from its ore by reduction with carbon if the metal is less reactive than carbon. Because aluminium is above carbon in the reactivity series, carbon cannot reduce aluminium oxide.
True or False?
Aluminium is extracted from hematite using electrolysis.
False.
Aluminium is extracted from bauxite (not hematite) using electrolysis. Hematite is the ore of iron, which is extracted by reduction with carbon monoxide in the blast furnace.
In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, the aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite. Why is it dissolved in cryolite rather than used as a solid?
Aluminium oxide must be dissolved in molten cryolite so that the ions are free to move and carry charge. In the solid state, the ions cannot move, so electrolysis cannot occur.
Which electrode does aluminium form at during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, and why?
Aluminium forms at the cathode (negative electrode). Al³⁺ ions are attracted to the cathode, where they gain electrons and are reduced to form aluminium metal.

Sign up to unlock flashcards

By signing up you agree to our Terms and Privacy Policy

Previous:Reactivity Series & Corrosion of MetalsNext:Water & Water Pollution