The Periodic Table & Trends (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award): Chemistry): Flashcards
Exam code: 0654 & 0973
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- FrontThe Periodic Table
State the principle used to arrange elements in the Periodic Table.
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Cards in this collection (14)
State the principle used to arrange elements in the Periodic Table.
Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number from left to right across the table.
In the Periodic Table, horizontal rows are called ______ and vertical columns are called ______.
In the Periodic Table, horizontal rows are called periods and vertical columns are called groups.
True or False?
The period number of an element tells you how many outer electrons its atoms have.
False.
The period number tells you how many electron shells the atom has. The group number tells you how many electrons are in the outer shell.
What information does the group number give about the charge of a metal ion?
For a metal, the group number equals the number of electrons lost when forming an ion. A Group 2 metal loses two electrons to form a 2+ ion.
Sodium is in Group ______ so it loses ______ electron(s) and forms an ion with a charge of ______.
Sodium is in Group 1 so it loses 1 electron(s) and forms an ion with a charge of 1+.
Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they all have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
How many electrons does a Group 7 non-metal gain when forming an ion, and what charge does this give?
A Group 7 non-metal gains 1 electron to achieve a full outer shell, giving it a 1- charge.
How does metallic character change across a period and down a group in the Periodic Table?
Metallic character decreases from left to right across a period and increases going down a group.
The electronic configuration of chlorine is 2,8,7. This tells us chlorine is in Period ______ and Group ______.
The electronic configuration of chlorine is 2,8,7. This tells us chlorine is in Period 3 and Group 7.
True or False?
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electron shells.
False.
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell, not the same number of shells.
What is a metalloid (semi-metal)?
A metalloid is an element that shows properties of both metals and non-metals. Metalloids lie between the metals and non-metals on the Periodic Table.
Lithium has the electronic configuration 2,1. Sodium has 2,8,1. Both are in Group 1 because they each have ______ electron(s) in their ______ shell.
Lithium has the electronic configuration 2,1. Sodium has 2,8,1. Both are in Group 1 because they each have 1 electron(s) in their outer shell.
Why do metals form basic oxides while non-metals form acidic oxides?
Metals tend to lose electrons and react with acids, so their oxides are basic.
Non-metals tend to gain electrons and their oxides dissolve in water to give acidic solutions.
How does the reactivity of Group 1 metals change going down the group, based on the observations of lithium, sodium and potassium with water?
Reactivity increases going down Group 1. Potassium reacts more vigorously than sodium, which reacts more vigorously than lithium.
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