An ion is an electrically charged atom (or group of atoms) formed by the loss or gain of electrons. Positive ions (cations) form when atoms lose electrons; negative ions (anions) form when atoms gain electrons.

True or False? Metals form negative ions by gaining electrons.

False. Metals lose electrons to form positive ions (cations). Non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions (anions).

When sodium reacts with chlorine, sodium ______ one electron to form a ______ ion (Na + ), while chlorine ______ one electron to form a negatively charged chloride ion (Cl - ).

When sodium reacts with chlorine, sodium loses one electron to form a positive ion (Na + ), while chlorine gains one electron to form a negatively charged chloride ion (Cl - ).

Why do atoms form ions?

Atoms form ions by losing or gaining electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons, giving them the stable electronic configuration of a noble gas. This makes them more stable.

True or False? The ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

True. Positive and negative ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between their opposite charges. This force is called an ionic bond.

What charge do Group II elements form when they become ions, and why?

Group II elements form ions with a 2+ charge. They have 2 electrons in their outer shell and lose both to achieve a full outer shell, leaving them with 2 more protons than electrons.

Elements in Group 1 form ions with a ______ charge, while elements in Group 7 form ions with a ______ charge.

Elements in Group 1 form ions with a 1+ charge, while elements in Group 7 form ions with a 1− charge.

Describe the structure of an ionic compound.

Ionic compounds have a giant lattice structure: a regular, repeating arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions.

True or False? In an ionic lattice, positive ions are only attracted to the nearest negative ions.

False. In a giant ionic lattice, electrostatic forces act between oppositely charged ions in all directions throughout the structure, not just between nearest neighbours.

In magnesium oxide, magnesium loses ______ electrons to form a ______ ion, while oxygen gains ______ electrons to form a 2- ion.

In magnesium oxide, magnesium loses 2 electrons to form a 2+ ion, while oxygen gains 2 electrons to form a 2- ion.

Why does an ionic compound have no overall charge?

In an ionic compound, the total positive charge equals the total negative charge, so they cancel out. For example, in MgO, one Mg 2+ ion balances exactly one O 2- ion, giving no overall charge.

True or False? Ionic compounds are formed when metal atoms react with non-metal atoms.

True. Metal atoms lose electrons and non-metal atoms gain them, forming positive and negative ions. These attract each other to create the ionic compound.

In a dot-and-cross diagram of an ionic compound, what must you include around each ion?

Each ion must be enclosed in square brackets with the ionic charge written as a superscript outside the bracket. Only the outer shell electrons need to be shown, with dots representing electrons from one atom and crosses from the other.

An ionic lattice consists of a ______ arrangement of ______ positive and negative ions held together by strong ______ forces of attraction.

An ionic lattice consists of a regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.

True or False? Ionic compounds have high melting points because they contain strong covalent bonds.

False. Ionic compounds have high melting points because of strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions throughout the giant lattice. A large amount of energy is needed to overcome these forces.

Ionic compounds conduct electricity when ______ or dissolved in water because the ions are free to ______ and carry a charge.

Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water because the ions are free to move and carry a charge.

Why do ionic compounds not conduct electricity in the solid state?

In a solid ionic compound, ions are held in fixed positions within the giant lattice. They cannot move, so there are no mobile charged particles to carry an electric current.

How does the charge on the ions in an ionic compound affect its melting point?

The greater the charge on the ions, the stronger the electrostatic forces of attraction and the higher the melting point. For example, MgO (Mg 2+ and O 2- ) has a higher melting point than NaCl (Na + and Cl - ).

True or False? All ionic compounds are solid at room temperature.

True. Ionic compounds have high melting points due to the strong electrostatic forces in their giant lattice structures, so they are all solid at room temperature.

Why does magnesium oxide have a higher melting point than sodium chloride?

Magnesium oxide contains Mg 2+ and O 2- ions, which carry greater charges than the Na + and Cl - ions in sodium chloride. The stronger the charge on the ions, the stronger the electrostatic forces and the more energy needed to overcome them.

The ______ melting point of ionic compounds is due to the ______ electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions, which require a large amount of ______ to overcome.

The high melting point of ionic compounds is due to the strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions, which require a large amount of energy to overcome.

IGCSEScienceCambridge (CIE)Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award)ChemistryFlashcards2. Atoms, Elements & CompoundsIons & Ionic Bonds

Ions & Ionic Bonds (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award): Chemistry): Flashcards

Exam code: 0654 & 0973

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What is an ion?

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Cards in this collection (21)

What is an ion?
An ion is an electrically charged atom (or group of atoms) formed by the loss or gain of electrons. Positive ions (cations) form when atoms lose electrons; negative ions (anions) form when atoms gain electrons.
True or False?
Metals form negative ions by gaining electrons.
False.
Metals lose electrons to form positive ions (cations). Non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions (anions).
When sodium reacts with chlorine, sodium ______ one electron to form a ______ ion (Na⁺), while chlorine ______ one electron to form a negatively charged chloride ion (Cl^-).
When sodium reacts with chlorine, sodium loses one electron to form a positive ion (Na⁺), while chlorine gains one electron to form a negatively charged chloride ion (Cl^-).
Why do atoms form ions?
Atoms form ions by losing or gaining electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons, giving them the stable electronic configuration of a noble gas. This makes them more stable.
True or False?
The ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
True.
Positive and negative ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between their opposite charges. This force is called an ionic bond.
What charge do Group II elements form when they become ions, and why?
Group II elements form ions with a 2+ charge. They have 2 electrons in their outer shell and lose both to achieve a full outer shell, leaving them with 2 more protons than electrons.
Elements in Group 1 form ions with a ______ charge, while elements in Group 7 form ions with a ______ charge.
Elements in Group 1 form ions with a 1+ charge, while elements in Group 7 form ions with a 1− charge.
Describe the structure of an ionic compound.
Ionic compounds have a giant lattice structure: a regular, repeating arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions.
True or False?
In an ionic lattice, positive ions are only attracted to the nearest negative ions.
False.
In a giant ionic lattice, electrostatic forces act between oppositely charged ions in all directions throughout the structure, not just between nearest neighbours.
In magnesium oxide, magnesium loses ______ electrons to form a ______ ion, while oxygen gains ______ electrons to form a 2- ion.
In magnesium oxide, magnesium loses 2 electrons to form a 2+ ion, while oxygen gains 2 electrons to form a 2- ion.
Why does an ionic compound have no overall charge?
In an ionic compound, the total positive charge equals the total negative charge, so they cancel out.
For example, in MgO, one Mg²⁺ ion balances exactly one O^2- ion, giving no overall charge.
True or False?
Ionic compounds are formed when metal atoms react with non-metal atoms.
True.
Metal atoms lose electrons and non-metal atoms gain them, forming positive and negative ions. These attract each other to create the ionic compound.
In a dot-and-cross diagram of an ionic compound, what must you include around each ion?
Each ion must be enclosed in square brackets with the ionic charge written as a superscript outside the bracket. Only the outer shell electrons need to be shown, with dots representing electrons from one atom and crosses from the other.
An ionic lattice consists of a ______ arrangement of ______ positive and negative ions held together by strong ______ forces of attraction.
An ionic lattice consists of a regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
True or False?
Ionic compounds have high melting points because they contain strong covalent bonds.
False.
Ionic compounds have high melting points because of strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions throughout the giant lattice. A large amount of energy is needed to overcome these forces.
Ionic compounds conduct electricity when ______ or dissolved in water because the ions are free to ______ and carry a charge.
Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water because the ions are free to move and carry a charge.
Why do ionic compounds not conduct electricity in the solid state?
In a solid ionic compound, ions are held in fixed positions within the giant lattice. They cannot move, so there are no mobile charged particles to carry an electric current.
How does the charge on the ions in an ionic compound affect its melting point?
The greater the charge on the ions, the stronger the electrostatic forces of attraction and the higher the melting point. For example, MgO (Mg²⁺ and O^2-) has a higher melting point than NaCl (Na⁺ and Cl^-).
True or False?
All ionic compounds are solid at room temperature.
True.
Ionic compounds have high melting points due to the strong electrostatic forces in their giant lattice structures, so they are all solid at room temperature.
Why does magnesium oxide have a higher melting point than sodium chloride?
Magnesium oxide contains Mg²⁺ and O^2- ions, which carry greater charges than the Na⁺ and Cl^- ions in sodium chloride. The stronger the charge on the ions, the stronger the electrostatic forces and the more energy needed to overcome them.
The ______ melting point of ionic compounds is due to the ______ electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions, which require a large amount of ______ to overcome.
The high melting point of ionic compounds is due to the strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions, which require a large amount of energy to overcome.

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