1.1 Perspectives (DP IB Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS): HL): Flashcards
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Define perspective.
A perspective is how an individual sees and understands a particular situation, shaped by their experiences, values, and beliefs.
Perspectives are formed based on individual , values and .
Perspectives are formed based on individual assumptions, values and beliefs.
What are some factors that can shape a person's perspective?
A person's perspective can be shaped by personal experiences, cultural background, societal influences, sociocultural norms, scientific understandings, laws, religion, economic conditions, and local or global events.
Perspectives are fixed and can over time as individuals gain new experiences.
Perspectives are not fixed and can evolve over time as individuals gain new experiences.
How do perspectives influence people's choices and actions?
Perspectives influence how people interpret information and make choices or take actions, often leading them to support causes or make decisions that align with their values and beliefs.
Define environmentalist perspective.
An environmentalist perspective places high value on the intrinsic worth of nature and prioritises biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health, even if it does not directly benefit humans.
What is the difference between a perspective and an argument?
A perspective is how someone sees and understands an issue, while an argument is a logical explanation used to support or challenge a perspective.
A perspective emphasises personal responsibility and freedom of choice, while a perspective prioritises community well-being.
An individualistic perspective emphasises personal responsibility and freedom of choice, while a collectivist perspective prioritises community well-being.
Define values.
Values are qualities or principles that people believe have worth and importance in life.
How do values influence behaviour?
Values influence our priorities, judgements, perspectives, and choices by guiding our behaviours and decisions.
Values can be influenced by cultural and factors.
Values can be influenced by cultural and social factors.
True or False?
Organisations can demonstrate their values through policies and actions.
True.
Organisations often express their values through their advertisements, social media, policies, and decisions.
Give an example of how a community can express its environmental values.
A community that values environmental sustainability might organise clean-up events or support green policies.
Define value survey.
A value survey is a tool used to investigate the perspectives and priorities of social groups towards various environmental issues.
A well-designed environmental value survey should take viewpoints into account and look at the whole of opinions within a group.
A well-designed environmental value survey should take different viewpoints into account and look at the whole range of opinions within a group.
What is the main advantage of using closed-ended questions in environmental value surveys?
Closed-ended questions provide structured data that can be easily quantified and analysed statistically.
Online survey tools help collect a volume of data in a amount of time.
Online survey tools help collect a greater volume of data in a shorter amount of time.
What is a behaviour-time graph used for in environmental studies?
A behaviour-time graph is used to show changes in behaviours or lifestyles over time, helping visualise trends and the impact of environmental actions.
Define closed-ended question.
A closed-ended question provides respondents with a fixed set of options to choose from, allowing for easy quantitative analysis.
Why is it important to consider diverse perspectives when designing value surveys?
Considering diverse perspectives ensures the survey accurately captures the range of views, experiences, and challenges faced by different individuals or groups.
Define worldview.
A worldview is the set of lenses through which groups of people see and understand the world, shaped by their cultural beliefs, philosophical ideas, political opinions, religious teachings, and other factors.
How do worldviews influence people's behaviour?
Worldviews influence how people think, what they believe, and how they behave, affecting their moral compass, judgments, and decisions.
Worldviews are generally and than perspectives, which are more specific and immediate viewpoints on particular issues.
Worldviews are generally broader and deeper than perspectives, which are more specific and immediate viewpoints on particular issues.
True or False?
Technology and media limit people to only local worldviews.
False.
With the rise of the internet and social media, people are exposed to a wide range of worldviews beyond their local community.
Define environmental value system (EVS).
An environmental value system (EVS) is the way an individual or group perceives the environment and the resources it provides, shaping their evaluation of environmental issues and actions taken.
What types of factors influence a person's or group's environmental value system?
A person's or group's environmental value system is influenced by cultural, religious, social, political, economic, and environmental factors.
An environmental value system is considered a because it has and .
An environmental value system is considered a system because it has inputs and outputs.
True or False?
Ecocentrism prioritises human needs and interests over the intrinsic value of nature.
False.
Ecocentrism prioritises the intrinsic value of nature and the environment over human needs and interests.
Define anthropocentrism.
Anthropocentrism is a worldview that places human needs and interests above those of other living beings and the environment.
What is technocentrism and what does it emphasise?
Technocentrism is a worldview that places technology and human ingenuity at the centre of solving environmental problems, emphasising technological solutions and economic growth.
An approach to plastic pollution focuses on reducing plastic waste entering the oceans, while a approach focuses on technological solutions like cleanup devices and biodegradable plastics.
An ecocentric approach to plastic pollution focuses on reducing plastic waste entering the oceans, while a technocentric approach focuses on technological solutions like cleanup devices and biodegradable plastics.
What is one potential disadvantage of technocentrism as an environmental value system?
One disadvantage of technocentrism is that it may lead to further environmental problems and increased resource consumption by relying too heavily on technological solutions.
Define environmental perspective.
An environmental perspective is a particular way of viewing or thinking about environmental issues and the relationship between humans and the environment, which can shift and change over time in societies.
Government and NGO campaigns can influence environmental in society.
Government and NGO campaigns can influence environmental perspectives in society.
What role did the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the US play in the 1970s?
The creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970 played an important role in highlighting pollution issues and increasing public awareness of environmental problems in the US.
Which two NGOs founded in the late 1960s and early 1970s were influential in raising awareness about pollution?
The two NGOs were Friends of the Earth (1969) and Greenpeace (1971), both of which helped raise public awareness about the detrimental effects of pollution.
Define environmental movement.
The environmental movement is a collective effort by individuals, organisations and governments to increase awareness of environmental damage and promote actions to conserve and protect the environment for a sustainable future.
The movement aims to address urgent challenges like climate change, pollution, and species extinction.
The environmental movement aims to address urgent challenges like climate change, pollution, and species extinction.
Who is Wangarĩ Maathai and what did she contribute to the environmental movement?
Wangarĩ Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement, advocating for tree planting, conservation, and women's rights, which mobilised grassroots activism and promoted environmental conservation locally and globally.
What was the main message of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?
Rachel Carson's Silent Spring highlighted the harmful effects of the pesticide DDT on wildlife and food chains, leading to increased awareness of environmental pollution.
The Agreement, adopted in , aims to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.
The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, aims to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.
Which major environmental disaster in 1986 led to increased fear of nuclear power and calls for safer alternatives?
The Chernobyl nuclear meltdown in Soviet Ukraine in 1986 led to increased fear of nuclear power and strengthened calls for safer energy alternatives.
What is a behaviour-time graph?
A behaviour-time graph is a visual representation that illustrates how a specific behaviour changes over time.
True or False?
Behaviour-time graphs can help identify trends and shifts in public perspective over time.
True.
Behaviour-time graphs are useful for spotting trends and perspective shifts by showing changes in behaviour over time.
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