Textiles — Types & Categories (AQA GCSE Design & Technology): Revision Note

Natural fibres

What are natural fibres?

• Natural fibres come from plants or animals

• Generally breathable, biodegradable and comfortable for clothing

Synthetic fibres

What are synthetic fibres?

• Synthetic fibres are man-made from chemicals like oil

• Used for strong, stretchy, durable garments

Blended & mixed fibres

What are blended and mixed fibres?

• Blended fibres combine two different fibres spun together

• Aim to combine the best properties of each fibre

• Cotton/polyester blend: increased durability, crease-resistant, improved comfort, easier care

• Uses: school uniforms, workwear, casual clothing, household items

Woven & non-woven

What are woven fabrics?

• Woven fabrics are made from interlaced yarns

• Warp yarns run lengthways; weft yarns run side-to-side

• Plain weave: simple, common (warp/weft alternating over/under), strong, durable, easily creased

• Examples: cotton poplin, calico, poly-cotton, muslin

• Uses: shirts, blouses, school uniforms

What are non-woven fabrics?

• Non-woven fabrics have fibres bonded or pressed without weaving or knitting

• Cheaper to manufacture with quick production

• Bonded fabrics: fibres bonded via heat, chemicals or adhesive; lightweight, strong for weight, poor stretch

• Uses: face masks, cleaning wipes, disposable clothing, medical textiles

• Felted fabrics: fibres compressed via heat, moisture or pressure (typically wool/synthetics); thick, dense, soft, excellent insulation, non-fraying

• Uses: hats, slippers, jacket padding/insulation

Knitted textiles

What are knitted textiles?

• Knitted textiles are made by looping yarns to create loops

• Loop structure allows fabric to stretch

• Can be hand-knitted or machine-made (loom)

• Weft knitting: yarn running side-by-side, highly stretchy and comfortable

• Uses: jersey clothing, knitted jumpers