Classification of Living Organisms (AQA GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy: Biology): Flashcards
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How did Linnaeus classify living things?
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How did Linnaeus classify living things?
Into groups based on their structure and characteristics, in the order:
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Binomial system
A naming system that gives each organism a two-part Latin name: the genus (capital letter) followed by the species (lower case), e.g. Homo sapiens.
In the binomial system, the first part of the name (the genus) is given a letter.
In the binomial system, the first part of the name (the genus) is given a capital letter.
Why were new models of classification proposed after Linnaeus?
Because improved microscopes revealed internal structures, understanding of biochemical processes progressed, and DNA sequencing allowed a more scientific approach.
How does DNA sequencing show how closely related two species are?
The more similar the base sequences in the DNA of two species, the more closely related they are (and the more recent their common ancestor).
What are the three domains in Carl Woese's three-domain system?
Archaea (primitive bacteria of extreme environments)
Bacteria (true bacteria)
Eukaryota (protists, fungi, plants and animals).
Evolutionary tree
A diagram used to show how scientists believe organisms are related, using classification data for living organisms and fossil data for extinct ones.
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