Troubles at Home & Abroad (AQA GCSE History: British Depth Study (Paper 2: Section B)): Flashcards
Exam code: 8145
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Define recusant.
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Cards in this collection (86)
Define recusant.
A recusant was a person who refused to attend Church of England services.
In what year did Elizabeth create her Religious Settlement?
Elizabeth created her Religious Settlement in 1559.
Elizabeth's Religious Settlement aimed to find a between Catholicism and Protestantism.
Elizabeth's Religious Settlement aimed to find a 'middle way' between Catholicism and Protestantism.
What title did Elizabeth give herself under the Act of Supremacy?
Under the Act of Supremacy, Elizabeth gave herself the title Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
True or False?
Elizabeth called herself Supreme Head of the Church, like her father Henry VIII.
False.
She called herself Supreme Governor, not Supreme Head.
How many of Mary's Catholic bishops agreed to take the oath accepting Elizabeth's authority?
Only one of Mary's Catholic bishops agreed to take the oath accepting Elizabeth's authority.
Define Ecclesiastical High Commission.
The Ecclesiastical High Commission was a body created by the Act of Supremacy to ensure churches followed the Religious Settlement.
Under the Act of Uniformity, recusants received a fine for every absence from church.
Under the Act of Uniformity, recusants received a one-shilling fine for every absence from church.
In what language were the Bible and church services conducted under the Act of Uniformity?
Under the Act of Uniformity, the Bible and church services were conducted in English.
Roughly how many of the 9,000 priests in England refused to take the Oath of Supremacy?
Of the 9,000 priests in England, approximately 250 refused to take the Oath of Supremacy.
Define Protestant.
A Protestant was a Christian who 'protested' against the Catholic Church and followed reformed beliefs.
True or False?
Under Catholic belief, the Pope in Rome is the Head of the Church.
True.
Under Catholic belief, the Pope in Rome is the Head of the Church.
Which two Northern Earls led the rebellion of 1569?
The rebellion of 1569 was led by the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland.
In which month and year did the Northern Rebellion begin?
The Northern Rebellion began in November 1569.
The Earl of ended the Northern Rebellion using royal troops.
The Earl of Sussex ended the Northern Rebellion using royal troops.
How many rebels did Elizabeth order to be executed after the Northern Rebellion?
After the Northern Rebellion, Elizabeth ordered 450 rebels to be executed.
On what date in 1570 did Pope Pius V release the papal bull?
Pope Pius V released the papal bull on 27th April 1570.
Define papal bull.
A papal bull was an official document from the pope; his 1570 bull excommunicated Elizabeth from the Catholic Church.
True or False?
The papal bull excommunicated Elizabeth from the Catholic Church.
True.
The papal bull excommunicated Elizabeth from the Catholic Church.
Who was Roberto di Ridolfi?
Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian Catholic banker who plotted to depose Elizabeth.
The Ridolfi Plot aimed to assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with .
The Ridolfi Plot aimed to assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots.
Who uncovered the Ridolfi Plot in autumn 1571?
The Ridolfi Plot was uncovered in autumn 1571 by Sir William Cecil.
Who was the young English Catholic at the centre of the 1583 plot named after him?
The young English Catholic at the centre of the 1583 plot named after him was Francis Throckmorton.
Define priest holes.
Priest holes were secret hiding places in wealthy Catholic homes used to conceal Catholic priests from government searches.
In what year did Jesuits come to England intending to convert Protestants to Catholicism?
Jesuits came to England intending to convert Protestants to Catholicism in 1580.
Which two Jesuit missionaries came to England in 1580?
The two Jesuit missionaries who came to England in 1580 were Robert Parsons and Edmund Campion.
Edmund Campion was arrested, tortured in the Tower of London and for treason.
Edmund Campion was arrested, tortured in the Tower of London and hung, drawn and quartered for treason.
Define Counter-Reformation.
The Counter-Reformation was the Catholic campaign, established by the Jesuits, that aimed to restore Catholicism in England.
True or False?
France and Spain, the most powerful countries in Europe, were both Catholic.
True.
France and Spain, the most powerful countries in Europe, were both Catholic.
In what year did seminary priests first arrive in England?
Seminary priests first arrived in England in 1574.
Under the 1581 Act of Persuasions, how much did recusants have to pay per month?
Under the 1581 Act of Persuasions, recusants had to pay £20 per month.
The 1593 Act Restraining Recusants meant Catholics had to stay within of their home.
The 1593 Act Restraining Recusants meant Catholics had to stay within five miles of their home.
What did the 1585 Act against Jesuits and Seminary Priests require of all Catholic priests?
The 1585 Act against Jesuits and Seminary Priests required all Catholic priests to leave England or be executed.
By 1603, roughly what percentage of the country was Catholic?
By 1603, approximately 10% of the country was Catholic.
Define recusancy.
Recusancy was the refusal to attend Church of England (Protestant) services, punishable by fines.
Who was Elizabeth's spymaster who prevented Catholic plots from becoming serious threats?
Elizabeth's spymaster who prevented Catholic plots from becoming serious threats was Francis Walsingham.
Which Tudor king was Mary Queen of Scots a direct descendant of?
Mary Queen of Scots was a direct descendant of Henry VII.
Mary became Queen of Scotland in 1542, when she was only old.
Mary became Queen of Scotland in 1542, when she was only six days old.
In what year did Mary Queen of Scots flee to England to seek Elizabeth's help?
Mary Queen of Scots fled to England to seek Elizabeth's help in 1568.
Which powerful Catholic king supported Mary Queen of Scots' claim to the English throne?
Mary Queen of Scots' claim to the English throne was supported by King Philip II of Spain.
What did Elizabeth decide to do with Mary Queen of Scots on her arrival in England?
On Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England, Elizabeth decided to place her under house arrest.
Mary Queen of Scots remained under house arrest for years.
Mary Queen of Scots remained under house arrest for 19 years.
Who was the young Catholic who plotted to kill Elizabeth in 1586?
The young Catholic who plotted to kill Elizabeth in 1586 was Anthony Babington.
Define Gallows Letter.
The Gallows Letter was Mary's July 1586 letter to Babington that 'proved' her guilt in treason and led to her execution.
True or False?
Walsingham cracked the cypher used in the letters between Babington and Mary.
True.
Walsingham cracked the cypher used in the letters between Babington and Mary.
To which castle was Mary moved in September 1586 for her trial?
In September 1586, Mary was moved to Fotheringhay Castle for her trial.
On what date was Mary Queen of Scots executed?
Mary Queen of Scots was executed on 8th February 1587.
After Mary's execution, English Catholics now had a .
After Mary's execution, English Catholics now had a martyr.
How did Mary's execution affect Philip II's plans for the Spanish Armada?
Mary's execution caused Philip II to speed up his plans for the Armada.
Define Puritan.
A Puritan was an extreme and strict Protestant who believed there should be no religious compromise.
Whose teachings did the Puritans follow?
The Puritans followed the teachings of John Calvin.
Puritans wanted the removal of all features from English churches.
Puritans wanted the removal of all Catholic features from English churches.
Name one Puritan in Elizabeth's court or government.
One Puritan in Elizabeth's court or government was Francis Walsingham (or Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester).
True or False?
Puritans plotted to overthrow and kill Elizabeth.
False.
Puritans raised their concerns in parliament and did not plot to kill her.
Define prophesyings.
Prophesyings were Puritan meetings in the 1570s where clergy prayed and discussed religion, often critical of Elizabeth's church.
Which Archbishop of Canterbury refused Elizabeth's order to ban the prophesyings?
The Archbishop of Canterbury who refused Elizabeth's order to ban the prophesyings was Edmund Grindal.
What punishment did the Puritan John Stubbs receive after publishing his pamphlet?
After publishing his pamphlet, the Puritan John Stubbs had his right hand cut off.
In 1583, became the new Archbishop of Canterbury and controlled the Puritan threat more effectively.
In 1583, John Whitgift became the new Archbishop of Canterbury and controlled the Puritan threat more effectively.
Which 1593 Act allowed suspected separatists to be imprisoned or executed?
The 1593 Act that allowed suspected separatists to be imprisoned or executed was the Act against Seditious Sectaries.
In 1566, what garment did Puritan bishops object to wearing during services?
In 1566, Puritan bishops objected to wearing a surplice during services.
What happened to separatists Henry Barrow and John Greenwood in 1593?
In 1593, separatists Henry Barrow and John Greenwood were arrested and hanged.
Which Spanish princess did Henry VIII marry?
Henry VIII married the Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon.
Which English sailor raided Spanish ports for years, angering Spain?
The English sailor who raided Spanish ports for years, angering Spain, was Sir Francis Drake.
Relations between England and Spain became worse after , when Elizabeth supported the Dutch Protestant rebels.
Relations between England and Spain became worse after 1585, when Elizabeth supported the Dutch Protestant rebels.
True or False?
King Philip II of Spain also ruled the Netherlands.
True.
King Philip II of Spain also ruled the Netherlands.
In what year did Protestant uprisings over taxes begin in the Netherlands?
Protestant uprisings over taxes began in the Netherlands in 1566.
How did King Philip respond to the uprisings in the Netherlands?
King Philip responded to the uprisings in the Netherlands by sending troops to the Netherlands.
Approximately how much money did Elizabeth send to the Dutch Protestant rebels?
Elizabeth sent approximately £60,000 to the Dutch Protestant rebels.
Who was the leader of the Protestant rebels assassinated in 1584?
The leader of the Protestant rebels assassinated in 1584 was William of Orange.
In 1585, Elizabeth sent Robert Dudley and soldiers to the Netherlands.
In 1585, Elizabeth sent Robert Dudley and 7,000 soldiers to the Netherlands.
Define Dutch rebels.
Dutch rebels were Protestants in the Netherlands who fought for independence from Spanish (Catholic) rule.
What did sending Robert Dudley and troops to the Netherlands in 1585 amount to?
Sending Robert Dudley and troops to the Netherlands in 1585 amounted to a declaration of war against Spain.
True or False?
Elizabeth accepted the offer to become Queen of the Dutch.
False.
Elizabeth declined the offer.
Define armada.
An armada was the Spanish word for an 'armed force'; here, the large fleet of armed ships Spain sent against England in 1588.
Who developed England's navy under Elizabeth I?
England's navy under Elizabeth I was developed by John Hawkins.
Define fireships.
Fireships were old ships set on fire and pushed into enemy ships to destroy them or create chaos.
What was the astrolabe used for?
The astrolabe was used for planning voyages more accurately.
A lateen was a new type of sail that improved a ship's speed and manoeuvrability.
A lateen was a new type of triangular sail that improved a ship's speed and manoeuvrability.
Who commanded the Spanish navy during the Armada?
The Spanish navy during the Armada was commanded by the Duke of Medina Sidonia.
Who commanded the English navy against the Armada?
The English navy against the Armada was commanded by Lord Howard of Effingham (the Earl of Nottingham).
How many fireships did Drake send into the anchored Spanish fleet at Calais?
Drake sent eight fireships into the anchored Spanish fleet at Calais.
Which battle began on 8th August 1588 in the North Sea?
The battle that began on 8th August 1588 in the North Sea was the Battle of Gravelines.
Out of the 151 ships that left Spain, only returned.
Out of the 151 ships that left Spain, only 65 returned.
True or False?
The Duke of Parma's troops were ready and waiting when the Armada reached Calais.
False.
Parma had sent his troops inland to mend canals, so they were not there.
What advantage did England's smaller cannons give over the Spanish?
England's smaller cannons had a longer range, so England could hit the Armada from a distance.
Where did Elizabeth give her famous speech to her troops in August 1588?
Elizabeth gave her famous speech to her troops at Tilbury in August 1588.
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