Equality & Rights (AQA GCSE History: Thematic Study (Paper 2: Section A)): Flashcards

The official name of the 1913 'Cat and Mouse Act' was the Prisoners Temporary Discharge for Ill Health Act.

False.

Asquith was opposed to women's suffrage.

The First World War broke out in 1914.

On the outbreak of war in 1914, the WSPU and NUWSS agreed to suspend their campaigns and support the war effort.

As pacifists, the Women's Freedom League refused to help the government fight the war.

As men left to fight, women took on jobs in factories, hospitals, farms, on transport networks and the police.

Women's wartime work disproved the sexist argument that a woman's place was in the home.

Prime Minister David Lloyd George praised women's wartime contribution in 1918.

The Act that gave some women the vote when the war ended in 1918 was the Representation of the People Act.

The 1918 Act gave the vote to women over the age of 30 who owned property.

The 1918 Act gave the vote to all men over the age of 21.

After 1918, working-class women and all women under 30 were still disenfranchised.

Women finally achieved voting equality with men in 1928, when everybody over 21 could vote regardless of gender or property.

False.

Only women over 30 who owned property gained the vote in 1918.

Demands for women to be treated equally in all aspects of life increased in the 1960s.

The 1969 Act that made it easier for women to leave unhappy marriages was the Divorce Reform Act.

The Divorce Reform Act allowed 'no fault' divorces, with 'irretrievable breakdown' being reason enough to end a marriage.

Under the Divorce Reform Act, a married couple's property and belongings were now shared, instead of all going to the man.

The 1968 strike that highlighted the problem of unequal pay was the strike by female machinists at the Ford car factory in Dagenham.

At Ford Dagenham, female machinists were paid 15% less than men doing identical jobs.

The Equal Pay Act of 1970 made it illegal to pay men and women differently for doing the same job.

The 1975 Act that made it illegal to treat workers differently based on their gender was the Sex Discrimination Act.

Under the Sex Discrimination Act, it became illegal to advertise a role as being only suitable for men.

Sex discrimination in employment is treating workers differently based on their gender.

Women form 51% of the British population but make up only 35% of MPs.

False.

Women still do not receive equal pay.

When the First World War ended in 1918, demand for coal fell dramatically, lowering its price.

PM Stanley Baldwin agreed to subsidise miners' wages for nine months.

A subsidy was government money used to top up miners' wages.

The General Strike began on 3 May 1926.

The 800,000 striking miners were joined by dockers, railway workers and iron and steel workers.

The government used the newspaper The British Gazette to turn the public against the strike.

The TUC created the newspaper The British Worker to explain the strikers' point of view.

The government organised 226,000 university students to volunteer in industry.

The General Strike lasted nine days.

After the TUC called off the strike, the miners stayed on strike until November.

Widespread strikes led to the 'Winter of Discontent' of 1978-79, with power cuts and rubbish piling up in the streets.

The 1984 Trade Union Act required that 80% of union members vote for a strike for it to be legal.

False.

It ended in defeat for the unions, and miners accepted longer hours and lower pay.

The 1948 law that gave Commonwealth citizens the right to work in the UK was the British Nationality Act.

The 1948 ship whose arrival marked the start of Britain's post-war migration boom was the Empire Windrush.

The Empire Windrush carried almost 500 Caribbean immigrants to Britain.

The government recruited Commonwealth workers after WW2 because Britain needed to rebuild and faced a shortage of workers for unskilled, low-paid jobs.

Many Commonwealth people viewed Britain favourably because they had been educated to see it as the 'Mother Country', and wages were far higher than at home.

A 'colour bar', as enforced by the Bristol Omnibus Company, was a refusal to employ black and Asian workers.

False.

Many faced racism, high rents, and banks refusing them loans.

In August 1958 in Notting Hill, hundreds of Teddy Boys rioted, attacking Caribbean immigrants and their homes.

'White flight' was when existing white residents moved out of areas where immigrants had settled.

The 1962 law that first restricted Commonwealth immigration was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act, which required a work voucher.

The Conservative MP who made the 1968 'Rivers of Blood' speech was Enoch Powell.

After his speech, Powell was immediately sacked as Shadow Defence Secretary.

The Race Relations Act of 1965 made racial discrimination illegal.

The police stop-and-search power blamed for the tension was widely known as the 'sus law'.

Black people were eight times more likely to be stopped by police than white people.

Operation Swamp 81 was a police operation that stopped and searched over 1,000 Brixton residents in six days.

True.

The rumour concerned Michael Bailey.

The Brixton Riots broke out in April 1981.

One other city where rioting spread after Brixton was Birmingham (Handsworth) — also Liverpool (Toxteth) and Manchester (Moss Side).

The government inquiry into the Brixton Riots was led by Lord Scarman.

The Scarman Report concluded that institutional racism did not exist in the Metropolitan Police, though the 'sus law' was unfairly used against black men.

The 'sus law' was repealed in August 1981.

The 1993 murder that led to the Macpherson Inquiry was the murder of Stephen Lawrence.

Institutional racism is racism embedded in the practices and culture of an organisation.