A ruler is an instrument used to measure small distances of a few centimetres .

True or False? Rulers measure to the nearest millimetre.

True. Rulers measure to the nearest millimetre.

What is the purpose of a tape measure ?

A tape measure is appropriate for measuring distances of a few metres .

Which device can be used to measure distances of up to a kilometre?

A trundle wheel is used to measure large distances up to a kilometre.

What is a measuring cylinder ?

A measuring cylinder is a device used to measure the volume of liquids .

What device can be used to measure time intervals ?

A stopwatch can be used to measure time intervals.

Define the term reaction time .

Reaction time is how long it takes someone to react to an event.

True or False? Human reaction time has more of an impact on short-time measurements than long-time measurements.

True. Human reaction time has more of an impact on short-time measurements than long-time measurements.

What is the purpose of taking multiple readings in physics experiments?

The purpose of taking multiple readings in physics experiments is to obtain an accurate measurement value.

Define scalar quantity .

A quantity that has magnitude only, with no direction, for example mass or distance.

Define vector quantity .

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction , for example velocity or force.

What is the key difference between distance and displacement?

Distance is a scalar quantity — it has magnitude only. Displacement also states the direction travelled, for example 100 km north, making it a vector quantity.

Name three examples of vector quantities.

Any three from: velocity , acceleration , force , momentum , weight , displacement , electric field strength , gravitational field strength .

Speed is a scalar quantity as it has a ______ only. Velocity is a ______ quantity as it has both a ______ and a ______ .

Speed is a scalar quantity as it has a magnitude only. Velocity is a vector quantity as it has both a magnitude and a direction .

True or False? Mass and weight are the same type of quantity.

False. Mass is a scalar quantity as it has magnitude only, whereas weight is a force which has both magnitude and direction, so it is a vector quantity.

Name three examples of scalar quantities.

Any three from: distance speed mass time energy volume density pressure electric charge temperature

Define a resultant vector .

A single vector that has the same effect as two (or more) individual vectors combined, for example the single vector produced by combining two vectors acting at right angles.

Define a component vector .

One of the parts into which a vector is resolved , for example a horizontal or vertical component; often shown with a subscript, such as F ~ v ~ for the vertical component of force F .

On a vector diagram, what do the length and the arrowhead of an arrow represent?

The length of the arrow represents the magnitude of the vector; the arrowhead shows its direction .

To calculate vectors graphically, a scale drawing must be produced carefully using a sharp pencil, a ruler and a ______ .

To calculate vectors graphically, a scale drawing must be produced carefully using a sharp pencil, a ruler and a protractor .

True or False? When combining vectors by calculation, the diagram must be drawn exactly to scale.

False. In the calculation method , the diagram can be a sketch — it does not need to be to scale, as long as the resultant, components and sides are clearly labelled. An exact scale drawing is only required for the graphical method .

When combining two vectors graphically, how is the magnitude of the resultant vector found from the scale drawing?

Carefully measure the length of the resultant vector, then use the scale factor to calculate the magnitude.

O LevelPhysicsCambridge (CIE)Flashcards1. Motion, Forces & Energy1.1 Physical Quantities & Measurement Techniques

1.1 Physical Quantities & Measurement Techniques (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Physics): Flashcards

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What is a ruler?

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Cards in this collection (25)

What is a ruler?
A ruler is an instrument used to measure small distances of a few centimetres.
True or False?
Rulers measure to the nearest millimetre.
True.
Rulers measure to the nearest millimetre.
What is the purpose of a tape measure?
A tape measure is appropriate for measuring distances of a few metres.
Which device can be used to measure distances of up to a kilometre?
A trundle wheel is used to measure large distances up to a kilometre.
What is a measuring cylinder?
A measuring cylinder is a device used to measure the volume of liquids.
What device can be used to measure time intervals?
A stopwatch can be used to measure time intervals.
Define the term reaction time.
Reaction time is how long it takes someone to react to an event.
True or False?
Human reaction time has more of an impact on short-time measurements than long-time measurements.
True.
Human reaction time has more of an impact on short-time measurements than long-time measurements.
State the equation for calculating an average.
The equation for calculating an average is $average = \frac{total value}{number of values}$
What is the purpose of taking multiple readings in physics experiments?
The purpose of taking multiple readings in physics experiments is to obtain an accurate measurement value.
Define scalar quantity.
A quantity that has magnitude only, with no direction, for example mass or distance.
Define vector quantity.
A quantity that has both magnitude and direction, for example velocity or force.
What is the key difference between distance and displacement?
Distance is a scalar quantity — it has magnitude only. Displacement also states the direction travelled, for example 100 km north, making it a vector quantity.
Name three examples of vector quantities.
Any three from: velocity, acceleration, force, momentum, weight, displacement, electric field strength, gravitational field strength.
Speed is a scalar quantity as it has a ______ only. Velocity is a ______ quantity as it has both a ______ and a ______.
Speed is a scalar quantity as it has a magnitude only. Velocity is a vector quantity as it has both a magnitude and a direction.
True or False?
Mass and weight are the same type of quantity.
False.
Mass is a scalar quantity as it has magnitude only, whereas weight is a force which has both magnitude and direction, so it is a vector quantity.
Name three examples of scalar quantities.
Any three from:
- distance
- speed
- mass
- time
- energy
- volume
- density
- pressure
- electric charge
- temperature
Define a resultant vector.
A single vector that has the same effect as two (or more) individual vectors combined, for example the single vector produced by combining two vectors acting at right angles.
Define a component vector.
One of the parts into which a vector is resolved, for example a horizontal or vertical component; often shown with a subscript, such as F~v~ for the vertical component of force F.
On a vector diagram, what do the length and the arrowhead of an arrow represent?
The length of the arrow represents the magnitude of the vector; the arrowhead shows its direction.
Which mathematical rule is used to calculate the magnitude of a resultant vector from two component vectors at right angles?
Pythagoras' Theorem.
What is the SOH-CAH-TOA mnemonic used for in trigonometry?
SOH-CAH-TOA is a useful method for remembering how to apply sine, cosine, and tangent functions to resolve the sides of a triangle when calculating vectors.
SOH represents $\sin θ = \frac{opposite}{hypotenuse}$
CAH represents $\cos θ = \frac{adjacent}{hypotenuse}$
TOA represents $\tan θ = \frac{opposite}{adjacent}$
To calculate vectors graphically, a scale drawing must be produced carefully using a sharp pencil, a ruler and a ______.
To calculate vectors graphically, a scale drawing must be produced carefully using a sharp pencil, a ruler and a protractor.
True or False?
When combining vectors by calculation, the diagram must be drawn exactly to scale.
False.
In the calculation method, the diagram can be a sketch — it does not need to be to scale, as long as the resultant, components and sides are clearly labelled. An exact scale drawing is only required for the graphical method.
When combining two vectors graphically, how is the magnitude of the resultant vector found from the scale drawing?
Carefully measure the length of the resultant vector, then use the scale factor to calculate the magnitude.

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