What are the three different states of matter?

The three states of matter are: solid liquid gas

True or False? Solids are not compressible.

True. Solids (and liquids) are not compressible.

True or False? Liquids have a definite shape.

False . Solids have a definite shape. Liquids take the shape of their container.

Which state of matter has no definite shape and a fixed volume?

Liquids have no definite shape and a fixed volume.

True or False? Gases have a definite volume.

False. Solids have a definite volume. Gases have no fixed volume.

Which state of matter is compressible?

Gases are the only state of matter that is compressible.

What are the properties of a solid?

The properties of a solid are: definite shape definite volume cannot flow not compressible

What are the properties of a liquid?

The properties of a liquid are: no definite shape fixed volume can flow not compressible

What are the properties of a gas?

The properties of a gas are: no definite shape no fixed volume can flow are compressible

Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a solid.

Particles are very close together , arranged in a regular pattern , and vibrate about fixed positions.

Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a liquid.

Particles are still close together (no gaps) but are not arranged in a regular pattern; they are able to slide past each other .

Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a gas.

Particles are widely separated and move about randomly at high speed .

In a gas, particles are widely separated — about ______ times further apart in each direction than in a solid or liquid.

In a gas, particles are widely separated — about ten times further apart in each direction than in a solid or liquid.

True or False? Particles in a liquid are arranged in a regular pattern.

False. Particles in a liquid are close together but not arranged in a regular pattern — only particles in a solid have a regular arrangement.

Define random motion (of gas molecules).

Random motion means molecules travel in no specific direction and undergo sudden changes in direction when they collide with the container walls or with other molecules.

Define absolute zero .

Absolute zero is the temperature at which the molecules in a substance have zero kinetic energy . It is equal to −273 °C , and no more energy can be removed from a system at this temperature.

How is the temperature of a gas related to the average kinetic energy of its molecules?

Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the molecules. The hotter the gas, the higher the average kinetic energy (and the faster the molecules move); the cooler the gas, the lower the average kinetic energy.

Why does increasing the temperature of a gas (at constant volume) increase its pressure?

The particles gain kinetic energy and move faster, so they collide with the container walls more often , producing a greater force per unit area.

Even in space, the temperature is roughly ______ °C above absolute zero.

Even in space, the temperature is roughly 2.7 °C above absolute zero.

True or False? A higher gas pressure means the particles collide with the container walls more frequently and exert a greater force per unit area.

True. The higher the gas pressure, the more frequently the particles collide with the container walls, producing a greater force per unit area.

Define absolute zero .

Absolute zero is the lowest temperature possible. At absolute zero (0 K), the particles would not be moving, so they would not exert any pressure.

An increase of 1 K is the same size change as an increase of ______ °C.

An increase of 1 K is the same size change as an increase of 1 °C .

For a fixed volume of gas, is pressure directly proportional to temperature measured in degrees Celsius?

No. Pressure is directly proportional to temperature only when temperature is measured in kelvin (the absolute scale) — the proportionality does not hold for the Celsius scale.

What happens to the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure as its kelvin temperature increases?

The gas expands — its volume increases . At constant pressure, volume is directly proportional to kelvin temperature .

True or False? Compressing a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature increases its pressure.

True. Decreasing volume (compression) increases pressure, because pressure and volume are inversely proportional at constant temperature (Boyle's Law).

O LevelPhysicsCambridge (CIE)Flashcards2. Thermal Physics2.1 Kinetic Particle Model of Matter

2.1 Kinetic Particle Model of Matter (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Physics): Flashcards

Exam code: 5054

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FrontStates of Matter
What are the three different states of matter?
BackStates of Matter
The three states of matter are:
solid
liquid
gas
BackStates of Matter
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Cards in this collection (31)

What are the three different states of matter?
The three states of matter are:
- solid
- liquid
- gas
True or False?
Solids are not compressible.
True.
Solids (and liquids) are not compressible.
True or False?
Liquids have a definite shape.
False.
Solids have a definite shape. Liquids take the shape of their container.
Which state of matter has no definite shape and a fixed volume?
Liquids have no definite shape and a fixed volume.
True or False?
Gases have a definite volume.
False.
Solids have a definite volume. Gases have no fixed volume.
Which state of matter is compressible?
Gases are the only state of matter that is compressible.
What are the properties of a solid?
The properties of a solid are:
- definite shape
- definite volume
- cannot flow
- not compressible
What are the properties of a liquid?
The properties of a liquid are:
- no definite shape
- fixed volume
- can flow
- not compressible
What are the properties of a gas?
The properties of a gas are:
- no definite shape
- no fixed volume
- can flow
- are compressible
Identify the particle arrangement that represents a solid.
The first particle arrangement represents a solid.
Identify the particle arrangement that represents a gas.
The third particle arrangement represents a gas.
Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a solid.
Particles are very close together, arranged in a regular pattern, and vibrate about fixed positions.
Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a liquid.
Particles are still close together (no gaps) but are not arranged in a regular pattern; they are able to slide past each other.
Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a gas.
Particles are widely separated and move about randomly at high speed.
In a gas, particles are widely separated — about ______ times further apart in each direction than in a solid or liquid.
In a gas, particles are widely separated — about ten times further apart in each direction than in a solid or liquid.
True or False?
Particles in a liquid are arranged in a regular pattern.
False.
Particles in a liquid are close together but not arranged in a regular pattern — only particles in a solid have a regular arrangement.
Define random motion (of gas molecules).
Random motion means molecules travel in no specific direction and undergo sudden changes in direction when they collide with the container walls or with other molecules.
Define absolute zero.
Absolute zero is the temperature at which the molecules in a substance have zero kinetic energy. It is equal to −273 °C, and no more energy can be removed from a system at this temperature.
How is the temperature of a gas related to the average kinetic energy of its molecules?
Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the molecules. The hotter the gas, the higher the average kinetic energy (and the faster the molecules move); the cooler the gas, the lower the average kinetic energy.
Define the pressure of a gas, in symbols.
$P = \frac{F}{A}$
P = pressure (Pa), F = force exerted by the gas (N), A = area the force acts over (m²).
Why does increasing the temperature of a gas (at constant volume) increase its pressure?
The particles gain kinetic energy and move faster, so they collide with the container walls more often, producing a greater force per unit area.
Even in space, the temperature is roughly ______ °C above absolute zero.
Even in space, the temperature is roughly 2.7 °C above absolute zero.
True or False?
A higher gas pressure means the particles collide with the container walls more frequently and exert a greater force per unit area.
True.
The higher the gas pressure, the more frequently the particles collide with the container walls, producing a greater force per unit area.
Define absolute zero.
Absolute zero is the lowest temperature possible. At absolute zero (0 K), the particles would not be moving, so they would not exert any pressure.
How do you convert a temperature from degrees Celsius (θ) to kelvin (T)?
$T / K = θ / °C + 273$
Add 273 to the Celsius value.
An increase of 1 K is the same size change as an increase of ______ °C.
An increase of 1 K is the same size change as an increase of 1 °C.
For a fixed volume of gas, is pressure directly proportional to temperature measured in degrees Celsius?
No. Pressure is directly proportional to temperature only when temperature is measured in kelvin (the absolute scale) — the proportionality does not hold for the Celsius scale.
What happens to the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure as its kelvin temperature increases?
The gas expands — its volume increases. At constant pressure, volume is directly proportional to kelvin temperature.
Define Boyle's Law.
For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, $p V = constant$
so pressure and volume are inversely proportional. p = pressure (Pa), V = volume (m³).
State the equation relating the initial and final pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature.
$P_{1} V_{1} = P_{2} V_{2}$
P₁, V₁ = initial pressure and volume; P₂, V₂ = final pressure and volume.
True or False?
Compressing a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature increases its pressure.
True.
Decreasing volume (compression) increases pressure, because pressure and volume are inversely proportional at constant temperature (Boyle's Law).

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