Factors Affecting Food Choice (AQA GCSE Food Preparation & Nutrition): Flashcards
Exam code: 8585
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Name six factors that influence food choice.
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Name six factors that influence food choice.
Any six of:
physical activity level (PAL)
celebration or occasion
cost of food
preferences and enjoyment
food availability
healthy eating
income
lifestyles
seasonality
time of day
time available to prepare and cook
How does a high physical activity level affect food choice?
More calories and nutrients are needed to match the energy output. Sports performers may also increase protein to aid muscle development.
What happens if calorie intake is greater than calories burned?
The extra calories are stored as fat. If intake is lower than the calories burned, energy stores are used and weight is lost.
How do celebrations influence food choice?
Special events push choices towards more indulgent or traditional dishes, e.g. at birthdays, weddings, funerals and religious celebrations such as Christmas, Diwali and Eid.
State four ways people can reduce the cost of their weekly food shop.
Any four of:
careful meal planning
batch cooking
comparing prices between supermarkets
minimising food waste
using end-of-day price reductions
choosing own-brand rather than branded products
State four things that influence a person's food preferences.
Any four of:
texture
smell
taste
appearance
associations, e.g. knowing a food was sustainably sourced
familiarity, e.g. foods eaten as a child
How does income affect food choice?
A higher income increases the variety of choices and allows premium quality produce.
A lower income forces budget-conscious decisions, which may exclude fresh meat and fish and imported products.
How does a busy lifestyle affect food choice?
It favours quick, convenient meals such as microwave meals, eating out, takeaways and meal kits.
People under stress may also choose enjoyable foods high in sugar over healthy ones.
Why is out-of-season produce often lower quality and more expensive?
Lower quality because it is grown in less suitable conditions.
Higher cost because it has been imported from further afield.
Give two reasons for choosing seasonal, locally grown food.
it is more environmentally friendly, as less fossil fuel is used in transport
it supports local providers
How should food choices differ across the day?
Breakfast: provides slow-release energy to start the day.
Lunch: a mix of food types to sustain energy until dinner.
Dinner: easy to digest, so it does not disrupt sleep.
People with little time to cook increasingly rely on ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ foods, such as ready meals and pre-chopped vegetables.
People with little time to cook increasingly rely on convenience foods, such as ready meals and pre-chopped vegetables.
How do you calculate the cost of one ingredient in a recipe?
(amount used ÷ packet weight) × cost of the whole packet
E.g. 40 g of bread from a 400 g loaf costing 155 p: 40 ÷ 400 × 155 = 15.5 p
True or False?
Branded foods are usually cheaper than supermarket own-brand equivalents.
False.
Branded foods are often more expensive. Supermarkets offer own-brand options to compete with them.
State three reasons a recipe might be modified.
Any three of:
to make cheaper food choices
to select allergy-aware alternatives
to suit a diet choice, e.g. vegetarian or vegan
to replace ingredients based on likes and dislikes
Why might food availability be limited in a remote location?
The cost of transporting products there may be too high to be worthwhile, so access to diverse food options is restricted.
State the four main reasons people make particular food choices.
religious
cultural
ethical and moral
medical
Describe the dietary practices of Buddhism.
Most Buddhists are vegetarian or vegan and avoid alcohol. Monks and nuns may fast in the afternoon.
Describe the dietary practices of Christianity.
Many Christians observe Lent, giving up certain foods for 40 days and 40 nights.
Some Catholics fast on Fridays and in the run-up to Lent.
Why do Hindus avoid beef?
Cows are considered sacred, so beef and beef products are prohibited. Milk is allowed, as no animal is killed to produce it.
What is ahimsa, and how does it affect Hindu food choice?
Ahimsa means non-violence, and this emphasis leads many Hindus to be vegetarian.
Describe the dietary practices of Islam.
Pork and alcohol are prohibited.
Meat must be halal, slaughtered in a particular way.
Seafood cannot be eaten, though fish with fins can.
Define Ramadan.
A month-long fast observed by Muslims, during which they do not eat during daylight hours. It ends with the festival of Eid.
State three Jewish dietary laws.
shellfish and pork are prohibited
dairy and meat must not be eaten in the same meal
food must be kosher
Define kosher.
Food that is fit for consumption under Jewish law — meat from animals with split hooves that chew the cud, slaughtered in a particular way, and fish with fins.
What is an I-tal diet?
The Rastafarian diet, which emphasises natural and clean eating — avoiding chemically modified food and artificial additives, and focusing on fruit and vegetables.
State three further dietary rules followed by Rastafarians.
Any three of:
no salt is used in cooking
pork is avoided
fish longer than 12 inches are avoided
no alcohol, milk or coffee — herbal teas are preferred
Why do Sikhs avoid kosher and halal meat?
That method of slaughter is considered inhumane.
State four ethical or moral reasons for a food choice.
Avoiding food that:
was produced by inhumane methods harming animal welfare
did not fairly compensate producers — choose fairtrade
was imported far, giving a large carbon footprint — choose local produce
used harmful chemicals — choose organic
is genetically modified (GM)
What is gluten, and where is it found?
A protein found in wheat, rye and barley.
State four symptoms of gluten intolerance.
Any four of:
bloating
diarrhoea
abdominal pain
headaches
fatigue
joint pain
True or False?
Lactose intolerance causes symptoms such as bloating, gas and diarrhoea.
True.
People who are lactose intolerant should avoid dairy products or choose lactose-free alternatives.
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ is a type of sugar found in milk and dairy products.
Lactose is a type of sugar found in milk and dairy products.
Name the six allergens listed in the specification.
nuts
egg
milk
wheat
fish
shellfish
State four symptoms of an allergic reaction to food.
Any four of:
skin rashes or hives
itchiness of the mouth, eyes and skin
swollen lips, face or eyes
breathing difficulties
What is anaphylactic shock, and how is it treated?
A severe allergic reaction causing swelling in the mouth or throat, blocked airways and difficulty speaking.
An EpiPen must be used immediately to reduce the risk of death.
Which bodies set the legislation for mandatory food labelling?
The European Union and the Food Standards Agency (FSA).
State six pieces of information that must appear on a food label.
Any six of:
the name of the food
the ingredients list
allergen information
net quantity of food
date marking
special storage conditions
the name and address of the business
nutrition declaration
In what order must ingredients be listed on a label, and why?
In descending order by weight, so consumers can identify any ingredients they wish to avoid.
How must major allergens be shown on packaging?
They must be identified in bold, and are sometimes also highlighted separately in an 'allergy information' box.
What is the difference between a 'best before' and a 'sell by' date?
Best before: the date after which product quality, but not safety, starts to decline.
Sell by / display until: the date until which shopkeepers should display the food for sale.
When must alcoholic strength by volume be labelled?
When a product or drink has an alcohol content of more than 1.2 %.
Name two types of non-mandatory information found on food labels.
serving suggestions
provenance — the history of the product, the source of its raw materials and the processes it has undergone
How is the energy value of a food shown on a label?
In kilojoules (kJ) and kilocalories (kcal), per 100 g and per serving.
Which five components appear on a traffic light label?
energy
fat
saturates
sugars
salt
What do the red, amber and green colours on a food label mean?
Red: the food is high in that component.
Amber: neither high nor low.
Green: the food is low in that component.
Nutrients on a traffic light label are shown as a quantity and as a percentage of the ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ (RI).
Nutrients on a traffic light label are shown as a quantity and as a percentage of the reference intake (RI).
True or False?
For a healthier diet, consumers should choose foods with more green codes.
True.
Consumers should maximise products with green coding and minimise those with red coding.
State four in-store marketing techniques that influence food choice.
Any four of:
buy one get one free
special offers
free samples
money-off coupons
meal deals
loyalty cards
product placement, e.g. items at eye level
How does a meal deal influence food choice?
It offers a combination of products to build a meal more cheaply than buying each item separately.
Name four media through which food is advertised.
television or radio
newspapers or magazines
flyers delivered in the post
the internet
Why do companies use media advertising despite the cost?
It is expensive but effective at establishing wide awareness of a product across a population.
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