America & the ‘Great Society' (AQA GCSE History: The Period Study (Paper 1: Section A)): Flashcards
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Define New Frontier.
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Define New Frontier.
The New Frontier was President John F. Kennedy's domestic policy, focusing on economic growth, the removal of racial discrimination, and improving public programs through federal aid.
What were the three main areas of focus for Kennedy's New Frontier policy?
The three main areas of focus for Kennedy's New Frontier policy were health, education, and poverty.
Kennedy described the as a set of challenges and issues facing the American people, including poverty, education, health, and civil rights.
Kennedy described the New Frontier as a set of challenges and issues facing the American people, including poverty, education, health, and civil rights.
What was the purpose of the Peace Corps created by Kennedy in 1961?
The Peace Corps was created to send American volunteers abroad to work as teachers, doctors, and advisors, helping people in poorer countries.
Define desegregation.
Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of racial groups in institutions such as schools.
Congress blocked Kennedy's attempts to provide federal funds for over fears of desegregation.
Congress blocked Kennedy's attempts to provide federal funds for schools over fears of desegregation.
What was Medicare and why did Kennedy want to introduce it?
Medicare was a proposed cheap health insurance system for the elderly. Kennedy wanted to introduce it to make health care more accessible to older Americans.
In 1962, the increased benefits for the elderly and unemployed.
In 1962, the Social Security Act increased benefits for the elderly and unemployed.
What was the aim of the Housing Act of 1961 under Kennedy's New Frontier?
The aim of the Housing Act of 1961 was to provide $4.9 billion in cheap loans to redevelop inner-cities, focusing on helping the poorest people.
The minimum wage was increased from $1 per hour to per hour under Kennedy.
The minimum wage was increased from $1 per hour to $1.25 per hour under Kennedy.
Define Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity (CEEO).
The Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity (CEEO) was created to ensure equal opportunities for government employees in the workplace.
What was the aim of Kennedy's Civil Rights Bill introduced in 1963?
The aim of Kennedy's Civil Rights Bill was to provide African-Americans with equality in housing and education.
In October 1962, Kennedy sent government troops to the University of Mississippi to ensure that James Meredith could study there.
In October 1962, Kennedy sent 23,000 government troops to the University of Mississippi to ensure that James Meredith could study there.
Who was Thurgood Marshall and what was his role under Kennedy's presidency?
Thurgood Marshall was appointed as a federal judge by Kennedy and played a key role in overturning Plessy v Ferguson, supporting civil rights.
Define Great Society.
The Great Society was a series of laws and government programs announced by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965 to end poverty and racial discrimination in America.
What was President Johnson's aim regarding racial injustice?
President Johnson aimed for an immediate end to racial injustice and was more successful than Kennedy in passing Civil Rights legislation.
What did the Medical Care Act of 1965 introduce?
The Medical Care Act of 1965 introduced Medicare to provide medical care to Americans over 65.
Johnson became President in after John F. Kennedy was assassinated.
Johnson became President in 1963 after John F. Kennedy was assassinated.
The Social Security Amendments of 1965 introduced , which provided medical care for the unemployed and poor.
The Social Security Amendments of 1965 introduced Medicaid, which provided medical care for the unemployed and poor.
Which two Acts did Johnson introduce in 1964 as part of his War on Poverty?
President Johnson introduced the Economic Opportunity Act and the Housing and Urban Development Act in 1964 as part of his War on Poverty.
True or False?
Johnson's Great Society aimed only to end poverty in America.
False.
Johnson's Great Society aimed to end both poverty and racial discrimination in America.
The Education Act gave universities more money to provide student aid to more students.
The Higher Education Act gave universities more money to provide student aid to more students.
How did Johnson's relationship with Congress help him pass Civil Rights legislation?
Johnson's strong relationship with Congress and his political experience made him more successful than Kennedy in passing Civil Rights legislation.
In 1966, Johnson the minimum wage from $1.25 to $1.40 an hour.
In 1966, Johnson increased the minimum wage from $1.25 to $1.40 an hour.
Why did Johnson consider education important in his War on Poverty?
Johnson believed that education gave Americans the opportunity to escape poverty.
Define Medicare.
Medicare is a federal program introduced in 1965 that provides medical care to Americans aged 65 and older.
Johnson had years of experience in the House and Senate when he became president.
Johnson had 26 years of experience in the House and Senate when he became president.
True or False?
Over 19 million people signed up for Medicare in 1965.
True.
Over 19 million people signed up for Medicare in 1965, showing its popularity.
What was the aim of the Head Start Program introduced by Johnson?
The Head Start Program aimed to give teachers the ability to provide children from low-income families extra teaching.
Define Presidential Commission on the Status of Women.
The Presidential Commission on the Status of Women was created by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 to report on women's position in the workplace, highlighting inequalities in pay, career, and rights.
Which president created the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women in 1961?
President John F. Kennedy created the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women in 1961.
The 1961 Presidential Commission on the Status of Women found that women were often paid than men and were less likely to have a career.
The 1961 Presidential Commission on the Status of Women found that women were often paid less than men and were less likely to have a professional career.
Define National Organization for Women (NOW).
The National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded in 1966 by Betty Friedan and others to campaign for equal rights, reproductive rights, and an end to discrimination against women.
Who was a key founder of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966?
A key founder of the National Organization for Women (NOW) was Betty Friedan.
NOW's Bill of Rights called for in US law, reproductive rights, and equality.
NOW's Bill of Rights called for equal rights in US law, reproductive rights, and pay equality.
What was the purpose of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) passed by Congress in 1972?
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) aimed to guarantee that equality of rights under the law would not be denied on account of sex.
The Equal Pay Act of 1963 made it illegal to pay women less than men for the same .
The Equal Pay Act of 1963 made it illegal to pay women less than men for the same job.
True or False?
The Equal Rights Amendment became part of the US Constitution after being ratified by 38 states.
False.
The Equal Rights Amendment was only ratified by 35 states and did not become part of the US Constitution.
Define Roe v Wade.
Roe v Wade was a 1973 Supreme Court case that granted women the constitutional right to a legal abortion and overruled anti-abortion laws in the US.
What was the significance of the 1973 Roe v Wade Supreme Court decision?
The Roe v Wade decision gave women the constitutional right to a legal abortion across the United States.
Before 1973, abortion laws were decided by individual , but after , abortion became a constitutional right.
Before 1973, abortion laws were decided by individual states, but after Roe v Wade, abortion became a constitutional right.
Define Women's Liberation Movement (WLM).
The Women's Liberation Movement (WLM) was a radical feminist movement founded in 1967 that aimed to remove patriarchy and free women from a male-dominated society.
How did the Women's Liberation Movement protest against traditional roles for women?
The Women's Liberation Movement protested by demonstrating at the Miss America beauty pageant, criticising women's magazines, and supporting victims of domestic violence and rape.
The Women's Liberation Movement wanted to remove the and free women from a society.
The Women's Liberation Movement wanted to remove the patriarchy and free women from a male-dominated society.
Who led the STOP ERA campaign against the Equal Rights Amendment?
The leader of the STOP ERA campaign was Phyllis Schlafly.
The STOP ERA campaign argued that the ERA would increase rates and lead to bathrooms.
The STOP ERA campaign argued that the ERA would increase abortion rates and lead to unisex bathrooms.
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