The Impact of the First World War on Germany (AQA GCSE History: The Period Study (Paper 1: Section A)): Flashcards
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Define Spring Offensive.
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Define Spring Offensive.
The Spring Offensive was a major German military attack in 1918 that aimed to push the Allied forces back but ultimately failed.
What advice did General Ludendorff give the Kaiser in October 1918?
General Ludendorff advised the Kaiser that Germany could not win the war and suggested passing democratic reforms to encourage the Allies to make the post-war treaty kinder to Germany.
By October 1918, the German Army was but was not defeated.
By October 1918, the German Army was retreating but was not defeated.
True or False?
Germany was militarily defeated on the battlefield by November 1918.
False.
Germany was not militarily defeated on the battlefield; instead, internal problems and loss of faith led to defeat.
Define naval blockade.
A naval blockade is when a navy prevents goods, especially food and supplies, from reaching enemy ports, causing shortages and hardship.
By 1918, Germany was in and chaos.
By 1918, Germany was in political and economic chaos.
What impact did the British naval blockade have on Germany during the First World War?
The British naval blockade prevented food and supplies from reaching Germany, causing shortages, starvation, and poor health among the population.
By October 1918, Germany was producing less steel than in early 1914.
By October 1918, Germany was producing 80% less steel than in early 1914.
How did the First World War lead to protests and demonstrations in Germany?
The enormous death toll, economic hardships, and food shortages caused by the war led to protests and anti-war demonstrations in Germany from 1915 onwards.
Name two main reasons why Germany lost the First World War by 1918.
Germany lost the First World War due to military failures such as the failure of the Spring Offensive, and internal issues like economic collapse and loss of faith in victory.
Define abdication.
Abdication is when a monarch voluntarily gives up the throne and their right to rule.
Who announced the abdication of the Kaiser in November 1918?
Max von Baden announced the abdication of the Kaiser, without the Kaiser’s consent or knowledge.
On , the Kaiser’s military advisers told him he must abdicate to stop civil unrest.
On 9th November 1918, the Kaiser’s military advisers told him he must abdicate to stop civil unrest.
What was the Kiel Mutiny and why was it significant?
The Kiel Mutiny was a revolt by German sailors on 3rd November 1918, which sparked wider rebellions and contributed to the November Revolution.
The Kiel Mutiny began on , when sailors refused to fight British ships.
The Kiel Mutiny began on 3rd November 1918, when sailors refused to fight British ships.
True or False?
The uprisings in Germany after the Kiel Mutiny were easily controlled by the Kaiser.
False.
The Kaiser had lost control and the army was no longer listening to him, so he could not stop the uprisings across Germany.
Who was Friedrich Ebert and what was his role after the Kaiser’s abdication?
Friedrich Ebert was the leader of the SPD and became the temporary leader and later the first president of Germany after the Kaiser’s abdication.
On , Germany elected its new government and the SPD won of the vote.
On 19th January 1919, Germany elected its new government and the SPD won 40% of the vote.
What is proportional representation and how did it affect the Weimar Republic?
Proportional representation is a voting system where parties win seats in proportion to their share of the vote. In the Weimar Republic, this made it difficult for a single party to gain a majority, leading to frequent coalition governments.
Define Article 48 in the context of the Weimar Constitution.
Article 48 was a clause in the Weimar Constitution that allowed the president to pass emergency laws without the Reichstag’s approval.
The government met in 1919 in the town of to write the Weimar Constitution.
The government met in February 1919 in the town of Weimar to write the Weimar Constitution.
Define diktat.
A diktat is a peace treaty or settlement in which the losing side has the terms imposed upon them, without negotiation or input.
Which article of the Treaty of Versailles made Germany accept responsibility for starting World War I?
Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, known as the War Guilt Clause, made Germany accept responsibility for starting World War I.
The reparations set at Versailles were gold marks, which was equivalent to £6.6 billion.
The reparations set at Versailles were 132 billion gold marks, which was equivalent to £6.6 billion.
Why did Germany find it difficult to pay reparations after World War I?
Germany found it difficult to pay reparations because the amount was set intentionally too high, their industry could not produce enough goods for export, valuable industrial lands were taken away, and paying reparations in goods caused shortages within Germany.
The Treaty of Versailles restricted the German army to men and forbade Germany from having an .
The Treaty of Versailles restricted the German army to 100,000 men and forbade Germany from having an air force.
What was the 'Polish Corridor' and how did it affect Germany?
The Polish Corridor was land given to Poland that provided access to the sea and divided Germany into two, leaving about one million Germans under Polish rule.
Define passive resistance.
Passive resistance is protesting against authority or occupation in a non-violent manner, such as strikes or sabotage without the use of force.
What event led to the French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr in 1923?
France and Belgium occupied the Ruhr in 1923 because Germany did not send the required amount of coal as reparations under the Treaty of Versailles.
During the occupation of the Ruhr, the German government responded by more money, which contributed to .
During the occupation of the Ruhr, the German government responded by printing more money, which contributed to hyperinflation.
Define hyperinflation.
Hyperinflation is when prices in an economy rise rapidly and uncontrollably, causing the currency to lose almost all its value.
True or False?
Printing large amounts of money is a safe way to solve economic problems.
False.
Printing large amounts of money can lead to hyperinflation, which makes money lose its value and creates severe economic problems.
In 1923, some German workers were paid a day so they could buy goods before their wages became worthless.
In 1923, some German workers were paid twice a day so they could buy goods before their wages became worthless.
What is the acronym LAMB used for in relation to the Treaty of Versailles?
The acronym LAMB is used to remember the key terms of the Treaty of Versailles: Land, Army, Money, Blame.
Define Spartacist League.
The Spartacist League was a German communist group led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht.
What started the Spartacist Uprising in January 1919?
The removal of Emil Eichhorn, Berlin’s police chief, and widespread worker dissatisfaction started the Spartacist Uprising in January 1919.
The Spartacist Uprising ended on , and days later Luxemburg and Liebknecht were killed by the .
The Spartacist Uprising ended on 13th January 1919, and days later Luxemburg and Liebknecht were killed by the Freikorps.
Define Freikorps.
The Freikorps was a right-wing group of German ex-soldiers who kept their weapons and held extreme right-wing beliefs after World War I.
Who was the leader of the Kapp Putsch in 1920?
The leader of the Kapp Putsch was Wolfgang Kapp.
The Kapp Putsch took place in . The Freikorps tried to overthrow the government by capturing .
The Kapp Putsch took place in 1920. The Freikorps tried to overthrow the government by capturing Berlin.
True or False?
General Seeckt used the army to crush the Kapp Putsch.
False.
General Seeckt refused to fight against the Freikorps during the Kapp Putsch, seeing them as fellow soldiers.
Define Munich Putsch.
The Munich Putsch was a failed attempt by the Nazi Party and Adolf Hitler to overthrow the Weimar government in November 1923.
In , Hitler became the leader of the .
In 1921, Hitler became the leader of the Nazi Party.
Which event in 1923 helped the Nazis gain support for the Munich Putsch?
The hyperinflation crisis in 1923 helped the Nazis gain support for the Munich Putsch.
True or False?
The Munich Putsch resulted in Hitler being sentenced to five years in prison.
True.
After the failed Munich Putsch, Hitler was tried and sentenced to five years in prison.
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