Recovery-The New Deal (AQA GCSE History: The Period Study (Paper 1: Section A)): Flashcards

True.

One of the three aims of the New Deal was reform, which included creating a welfare state to help people during unemployment, sickness, and old age.

The Second New Deal was a set of programs and reforms introduced by Roosevelt from 1935, aiming to create a significant welfare programme and address continued economic and social problems in the USA.

By 1935, the Supreme Court banned the National Recovery Association (NRA) and the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) because Roosevelt had abused his powers as president.

The First New Deal aimed to support the recovery of the economy, while the Second New Deal aimed to create a significant welfare programme.

The Wagner Act (1935) was a law that encouraged workers to join trade unions, replaced the National Recovery Administration (NRA), and created the National Labour Relations Board (NLRB) to protect the rights of workers.

The Soil Conservation Act of 1935 replaced the AAA and encouraged farmers to use more sustainable farming practices.

The Social Security Act (1935) created a national social welfare system in the USA, providing old-age pensions, disability payments, unemployment payments, and support for widows and orphans.

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) replaced the PWA in 1935 and became the USA’s biggest employer.

True.

The National Housing Act (1937) provided loans, reduced rent prices, and improved living conditions for low-income families.

The Fair Labour Standards Act (1938) established a minimum wage, limited working hours, and improved working conditions for many American workers.

The Share our Wealth campaign was Huey Long’s plan to redistribute wealth in the USA by taxing the rich and giving the money to poorer families.

Huey Long was the Senator for Louisiana. He criticised the New Deal for not doing enough to help ordinary people and wanted greater government intervention.

Father Charles Coughlin was a Catholic priest whose radio show had 30 million listeners. He believed the New Deal did not do enough to help the poor.

The main goal of the Old Age Revolving Pension Plan was to provide a monthly pension of $200 to everyone over 60 so they could retire and free up jobs for younger people.

Conservative opponents of the New Deal believed in laissez-faire and rugged individualism, meaning the government should interfere as little as possible.

Rugged individualism is the belief that people should be self-reliant and not depend on government support.

Republicans criticised the New Deal for costing too much money and for giving the government too much power, which they saw as a threat to traditional American values.

In the Sick Chickens case, the US Supreme Court declared the NRA an illegal organisation.

False.

The US Supreme Court declared several alphabet agencies, such as the NRA and AAA, illegal and unconstitutional.

Roosevelt threatened to ‘pack’ the Supreme Court with six new judges who supported the New Deal, but after criticism, he backed down and did not appoint new judges.

While left-wing critics said the New Deal did not go far enough, conservative critics argued it went too far.

A national welfare system is a government program that provides support and financial assistance to people in need across the country, such as the system established by the New Deal.

Some male workers became dissatisfied because the New Deal benefitted skilled workers more than unskilled workers, and many were given boondoggle jobs, which they found unfulfilling. Employers also sometimes blocked workers from joining trade unions.

The New Deal improved banking regulation, built trust in the government, and created a national welfare system.

The Social Security Act provided support for vulnerable people in US society after 1935.

A boondoggle job was a government-funded job created by the New Deal that was often seen as unnecessary or unproductive, leading some to view these jobs as wasteful.

False.

The CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) only specifically helped young men, not women.

The NRA and CCC paid black workers less than white workers, and had segregated camps for black workers.

The AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Administration) reduced the number of farmers losing their land and improved profits for large-scale farmers.

Despite the TVA bringing electricity, many farmers continued to have a low standard of living.

Isolationism is a foreign policy in which a country avoids involvement in international conflicts and alliances.

During the Second World War, over one million African-Americans gained jobs in wartime factories in the North and West.

The symbol used to represent American women working in industry was Rosie the Riveter.

The US government created the War Production Board in January 1942 to adapt industries for the war effort.

The Women’s Army Corps was a US military organisation during the Second World War that allowed women to serve in non-combat roles in support of the war effort.

The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 allowed the USA to supply Britain and France before entering the war.

True.

Executive Order 8802 banned racial discrimination in the defence industry, although it was weakly enforced.

By 1944, unemployment was reduced to 670,000, showing the impact of war production on the economy.

The Double V campaign was a movement by the NAACP during the Second World War aiming for victory against fascism abroad and victory against racial discrimination at home.

False.

Women were paid significantly less than men for doing the same job during the war.

The Nye Committee concluded that factory owners pushed the US government to enter the war to make huge profits.

The NAACP’s membership increased from 40,000 in 1940 to 460,000 in 1946.

True.

Traditional industries such as coal, steel, and iron saw a boost in demand due to war production.

The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937 were laws passed by Congress to prevent the USA from becoming involved in foreign wars by banning the sale of weapons or loans to countries at war.

Both women and African-Americans experienced increased job opportunities during WWII, although both still faced workplace discrimination.

The famous American baseball player who earned $80,000 in 1930 was Babe Ruth.

True.

JJ Braddock became world champion in 1935 and used his prize money to repay the government benefit he received during the early 1930s.

US athlete Jesse Owens angered Hitler and the Nazis by winning four gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympics.

The development and widespread use of the radio made sport an important pastime for most US citizens in the 1930s.

In 1939, NBC televised the first American football game between the Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Eagles.

A comic book is a cheaply produced magazine that became a staple in the 1930s, often featuring illustrated stories and superheroes.

Superman first appeared in Action Comics in the year 1938.

The two iconic superheroes who debuted in the 1930s were Superman (1938) and Batman (1939).

John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men focused on the struggles of migrant workers moving to California in search of work during the Great Depression.

The character Crooks in Of Mice and Men by Steinbeck highlights the racist treatment of African-Americans.

John Steinbeck wrote The Grapes of Wrath, which is about the challenges faced by a migrant family during the Great Depression.

The Federal Writers’ Project was a 1935 government scheme to employ writers to produce novels and other works, helping authors during the Great Depression.

By 1939, 80% of people owned a radio, which was double the percentage at the beginning of the 1930s.

The Savoy Dance Hall in Harlem was the first to allow black and white people to mix freely together.

The dominant musical genres in 1930s America were jazz, blues and swing.

False.

Technicolour was invented in 1914, but it was greatly improved by the 1930s and famously used in The Wizard of Oz.

The first colour animation by Walt Disney was Three Little Pigs, released in 1933.