Hitler's Rise to Power (AQA GCSE History: The Period Study (Paper 1: Section A)): Flashcards
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Define Wall Street Crash.
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Define Wall Street Crash.
The Wall Street Crash was the rapid collapse of the US stock market in October 1929, leading to a global economic crisis.
By October 1929, stockbrokers believed the market would , leading to a rush of share sales and falling prices.
By October 1929, stockbrokers believed the market would decline, leading to a rush of share sales and falling prices.
What was ‘Black Thursday’?
‘Black Thursday’ refers to 24th October 1929, when millions of shares were sold in the US, causing share prices to plummet and starting the Wall Street Crash.
The Dawes and Young Plans connected Germany’s economy to the , making it vulnerable when loans were recalled.
The Dawes and Young Plans connected Germany’s economy to the USA, making it vulnerable when loans were recalled.
How did the Wall Street Crash lead to economic depression in Germany?
The Wall Street Crash led the United States to recall loans from Germany, causing German banks to collapse and triggering a severe economic depression.
Define unemployment crisis.
An unemployment crisis is a situation where a large proportion of a country’s workforce is unable to find jobs, leading to widespread economic and social problems.
By January 1933, million people were unemployed in Germany.
By January 1933, 6.1 million people were unemployed in Germany.
Which group of workers made up 40% of the unemployed by September 1931 in Germany?
By September 1931, 40% of the unemployed in Germany were factory workers.
During the Depression, the government had to unemployment benefits, which increased hardship for the unemployed.
During the Depression, the government had to cut unemployment benefits, which increased hardship for the unemployed.
True or False?
People blamed the Weimar government for the Depression because it linked Germany’s economy to the USA.
True.
Many Germans blamed the Weimar government for relying on American loans via the Dawes and Young Plans, making the country vulnerable when the Depression hit.
What was a key promise of the Nazi Party during the Depression?
The Nazi Party promised to reverse the Treaty of Versailles and make Germany strong again.
From 1930-32, Chancellor Brüning used Article 48 times, ruling Germany like a dictator.
From 1930-32, Chancellor Brüning used Article 48 115 times, ruling Germany like a dictator.
Why did Hitler need to reorganise the Nazi Party after the Munich Putsch?
Hitler needed to reorganise the Nazi Party to make it electable after learning that it was impossible to take power through violence.
Define gauleiter.
A gauleiter was the local Nazi Party leader for one of the 35 regions (gaue) into which Germany was divided by Hitler.
Hitler restructured the Nazi Party by dividing Germany into called .
Hitler restructured the Nazi Party by dividing Germany into 35 regions called gaue.
Which types of businesses provided funding for the Nazi Party?
Big businesses such as Thyssen, Krupp and Bosch provided funding for the Nazi Party because they feared the power of trade unions and communism.
The NSDAP was also known as the .
The NSDAP was also known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party.
Define middle class in the context of 1920s and 1930s Germany.
The middle class in Germany included teachers, lawyers, and smaller business owners, many of whom owned property and savings.
Why did many German farmers start supporting the Nazi Party after 1928?
Many German farmers started supporting the Nazi Party after the party changed its policy to only confiscate land owned by Jewish people, which protected most farmers’ land and income.
By 1930, the Nazi Party gained up to of the rural vote in some areas.
By 1930, the Nazi Party gained up to 60% of the rural vote in some areas.
Who became the propaganda minister for the Nazi Party in 1928?
In 1928, Joseph Goebbels became the propaganda minister for the Nazi Party.
Hitler’s speeches were effective because he increased his until he reached a frantic and aggressive .
Hitler’s speeches were effective because he increased his tempo until he reached a frantic and aggressive crescendo.
Define propaganda in the context of the Nazi Party.
Propaganda in the context of the Nazi Party refers to organised campaigns using speeches, posters, rallies, and media to influence public opinion in favour of the Nazis.
What was the main difference between the SA and the SS?
The SA was a large, often violent paramilitary group not under Hitler’s direct control, while the SS was a smaller, elite group loyal to Hitler and acted as his personal bodyguard.
The leader of the SA from 1923 was . The SS was led by .
The leader of the SA from 1923 was Ernst Röhm. The SS was led by Heinrich Himmler.
Define Lebensraum.
Lebensraum means ‘living space’, and referred to Hitler’s belief that the Aryan race needed to expand into Eastern Europe for more territory.
What was the purpose of Hitler’s book Mein Kampf?
Hitler wrote Mein Kampf during his imprisonment to set out the core beliefs and values of the Nazi Party, including the superiority of the Aryan race and the need for a strong leader.
Who won the presidential election in April 1932 in Germany?
Hindenburg won the presidential election in April 1932 in Germany.
In April 1932, Hitler increased his share of the presidential vote to .
In April 1932, Hitler increased his share of the presidential vote to 36%.
Define Cabinet of Barons.
The Cabinet of Barons was the nickname for von Papen's government, made up mainly of right-wing landowners and businessmen, which did not benefit the lower classes.
Why was von Papen's chancellorship controversial?
Von Papen's chancellorship was controversial because there was no formal election, and his government mainly represented the upper classes, not the lower classes.
In the July 1932 elections, the NSDAP received of the vote, making it the biggest party in the Reichstag.
In the July 1932 elections, the NSDAP received 38% of the vote, making it the biggest party in the Reichstag.
True or False?
The NSDAP achieved a majority in the Reichstag in July 1932.
False.
The NSDAP became the biggest party but did not reach the 50% majority needed in the Reichstag in July 1932.
Define Article 48.
Article 48 was a clause of the Weimar Constitution that allowed the president to rule by emergency decree without the Reichstag's consent.
Hitler demanded that appoint him as chancellor, but was ignored.
Hitler demanded that Hindenburg appoint him as chancellor, but was ignored.
Why did NSDAP support from the middle class decrease in November 1932?
The NSDAP lost support from the middle class because Hitler verbally attacked von Papen, causing some voters to switch their support.
What date was Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany?
Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany on 30th January 1933.
Von Schleicher suggested running Germany as a , weakening trust in the Weimar Republic.
Von Schleicher suggested running Germany as a military dictatorship, weakening trust in the Weimar Republic.
Define proportional representation.
Proportional representation is an electoral system where parties gain seats in parliament in proportion to the number of votes they receive. In the Weimar Republic, this made it difficult for any single party to have a majority.
True or False?
Von Papen and Hindenburg believed they could control Hitler once he became Chancellor.
True.
Both von Papen and Hindenburg underestimated Hitler and thought they could keep him under their control as Chancellor.
Define Reichstag Fire Decree.
The Reichstag Fire Decree was an emergency law passed after the Reichstag Fire that allowed Hitler to imprison political opponents and suspend civil liberties.
The Reichstag Fire on resulted in the arrest of around communists.
The Reichstag Fire on 27th February 1933 resulted in the arrest of around 4,000 communists.
What was Hitler’s position in January 1933?
In January 1933, Hitler became chancellor of Germany, but did not have complete control as the Nazi Party only controlled one-third of the Reichstag and Hindenburg was president.
The Act was passed on 24th March 1933, enabling Hitler to the Weimar Constitution.
The Enabling Act was passed on 24th March 1933, enabling Hitler to overrule the Weimar Constitution.
Define Enabling Act.
The Enabling Act was a law passed in March 1933 giving Hitler and his cabinet the power to pass laws without Reichstag approval.
Which three forms of public opposition did Hitler remove using the Enabling Act?
Using the Enabling Act, Hitler replaced local governments, controlled trade unions, and banned other political parties.
The Enabling Act allowed Hitler to pass laws without the consent of the .
The Enabling Act allowed Hitler to pass laws without the consent of the Reichstag.
True or False?
The Enabling Act only helped Hitler remove internal opposition.
False.
The Enabling Act allowed Hitler to remove external opposition to the Nazi Party, such as other political parties and trade unions.
Define Night of the Long Knives.
The Night of the Long Knives was a purge in June 1934 when Hitler ordered the arrest and execution of SA leaders and other political opponents to consolidate his power.
Who was Ernst Röhm and why did he pose a threat to Hitler?
Ernst Röhm was the leader of the SA who posed a threat to Hitler due to his large following, different political aims, and personal conflicts with Hitler.
On 30th June 1934, Röhm and about SA members were arrested and later .
On 30th June 1934, Röhm and about 400 SA members were arrested and later shot.
What happened after President Hindenburg died in August 1934?
After President Hindenburg died, Hitler combined the positions of president and chancellor, becoming Führer of Germany.
Define Führer.
The Führer was the title adopted by Hitler after 1934, meaning leader, combining the powers of president and chancellor.
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