The 'Iron Curtain' (AQA GCSE History: Wider World Depth Study (Paper 1: Section B)): Flashcards
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Define satellite state.
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Cards in this collection (96)
Define satellite state.
A satellite state is a country under Soviet control that seemed to orbit the Soviet Union.
Why did Stalin want to keep control of countries in Eastern Europe?
Stalin wanted to keep control of countries in Eastern Europe to act as a 'buffer zone' between the East and West.
Whose speech, given in response to the creation of satellite states, was known as the 'Iron Curtain' speech?
Churchill's speech, given in response to the creation of satellite states, was known as the 'Iron Curtain' speech.
Which three Baltic States were taken over by the Soviet Union in 1940?
The three Baltic States taken over by the Soviet Union in 1940 were Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia.
In which year did a campaign of violence and intimidation create a fully Communist government in Poland?
A campaign of violence and intimidation created a fully Communist government in Poland in 1947.
At the Yalta Conference, it was agreed that Germany would be under the Soviet Union's influence.
At the Yalta Conference, it was agreed that East Germany would be under the Soviet Union's influence.
Which Communist politician took control of the secret police in Hungary and imprisoned political opponents?
Rakosi was the Communist politician who took control of the secret police in Hungary and imprisoned political opponents.
True or False?
Non-Communists won the 1945 election in Hungary.
True.
Non-Communists won the 1945 election in Hungary.
Who led the pro-Communist coup that took over Czechoslovakia's government in 1948?
Klement Gottwald led the pro-Communist coup that took over Czechoslovakia's government in 1948.
Czechoslovakia had been a democracy from 1919 to until it was occupied by Nazi Germany.
Czechoslovakia had been a democracy from 1919 to 1938 until it was occupied by Nazi Germany.
Which leader broke Yugoslavia away from Soviet influence in 1948?
Tito broke Yugoslavia away from Soviet influence in 1948.
Which two policies did Truman establish in reaction to the satellite states?
The two policies Truman established in reaction to the satellite states were the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan.
By , the Soviet Union had incorporated several satellite states under its control.
By 1948, the Soviet Union had incorporated several satellite states under its control.
Who sent the Long Telegram?
The Long Telegram was sent by George Kennan, the USA's ambassador in Moscow.
In which month and year was the Long Telegram sent?
The Long Telegram was sent in February 1946.
The Long Telegram was nicknamed 'long' because it contained around words.
The Long Telegram was nicknamed 'long' because it contained around 8,000 words.
According to the Long Telegram, how did Stalin see capitalism?
According to the Long Telegram, Stalin saw capitalism as a threat to communism that needed to be destroyed.
Who sent the Novikov Telegram?
The Novikov Telegram was sent by Nikolai Novikov, the Soviet ambassador in Washington.
In which month and year was the Novikov Telegram sent?
The Novikov Telegram was sent in September 1946.
According to the Novikov Telegram, what did the USA want to build up its military strength to achieve?
According to the Novikov Telegram, the USA wanted to build up its military strength to achieve world domination.
True or False?
Both the Long and Novikov Telegrams confirmed each side's fear that the other was planning their destruction.
True.
Both the Long and Novikov Telegrams confirmed each side's fear that the other was planning their destruction.
Who delivered the 'Iron Curtain' speech in March 1946?
The 'Iron Curtain' speech in March 1946 was delivered by Winston Churchill.
Churchill said an iron curtain had descended from Stettin in the Baltic to in the Adriatic.
Churchill said an iron curtain had descended from Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic.
Define the 'Iron Curtain'.
The 'Iron Curtain' was the impenetrable divide between capitalism in the West and communism in the East; a divide in ideas, not a physical barrier.
The telegrams and Churchill's speech deepened tensions in the year .
The telegrams and Churchill's speech deepened tensions in the year 1946.
On what date did Truman announce aid to Greece and Türkiye?
Truman announced aid to Greece and Türkiye on 12th March 1947.
Truman announced that the USA would send $ million to both Greece and Türkiye.
Truman announced that the USA would send $400 million to both Greece and Türkiye.
By which year had the Communists in Greece been defeated?
The Communists in Greece had been defeated by 1949.
What US policy did the Truman Doctrine replace Isolationism with?
The Truman Doctrine replaced Isolationism with the policy of Containment.
Define isolationism.
Isolationism is a policy of not getting involved in the affairs of other countries.
Which general told Truman that every European country was at risk of turning to communism?
General George Marshall told Truman that every European country was at risk of turning to communism.
After which country became communist in 1948 did US Congress pass the Marshall Plan?
US Congress passed the Marshall Plan after Czechoslovakia became communist in 1948.
The Marshall Plan gave away $13 billion to European countries in Western Europe.
The Marshall Plan gave away $13 billion to 16 European countries in Western Europe.
Which British foreign secretary described the Marshall Plan as a 'lifeline to sinking men'?
The British foreign secretary who described the Marshall Plan as a 'lifeline to sinking men' was Ernest Bevin.
What name did Stalin give the Marshall Plan?
Stalin gave the Marshall Plan the name 'Dollar imperialism'.
True or False?
Stalin believed the Marshall Plan undermined the role of the United Nations.
True.
Stalin believed the Marshall Plan undermined the role of the United Nations.
Why were poorer European countries particularly vulnerable to communism after 1945?
Poorer European countries were particularly vulnerable to communism after 1945 because people wanted wealth to be redistributed and given to those in need.
On what date was Cominform set up?
Cominform was set up on 22nd September 1947.
What did Cominform allow Stalin to do?
Cominform allowed Stalin to direct and control the governments of the satellite states and the communist parties of other European countries.
Which country was removed from Cominform in 1948?
Yugoslavia was removed from Cominform in 1948.
Cominform was set up in response to the Plan.
Cominform was set up in response to the Marshall Plan.
On what date was Comecon set up?
Comecon was set up on 25th January 1949.
What was Comecon's purpose?
Comecon's purpose was to provide an alternative to the Marshall Plan and improve the economies of the satellite states.
Bulgaria's trade with other Comecon members increased from 10% in 1931 to by 1951.
Bulgaria's trade with other Comecon members increased from 10% in 1931 to 90% by 1951.
In line with communist beliefs, what did Comecon members do with their industries?
In line with communist beliefs, Comecon members nationalised their industries.
True or False?
Cominform focused on the economy while Comecon focused on political control.
False.
Comecon focused on the economy while Cominform focused on political control.
Comecon members their agriculture and nationalised their industries.
Comecon members collectivised their agriculture and nationalised their industries.
Which new military alliance did the USA create in 1949, partly in response to Cominform and Comecon?
The new military alliance the USA created in 1949, partly in response to Cominform and Comecon, was NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation).
Why did Cominform and Comecon increase tension between East and West?
Cominform and Comecon increased tension between East and West because each country had accepted support from either the USA or the Soviet Union.
Into how many zones was Germany split after the defeat of Nazi Germany?
After the defeat of Nazi Germany, Germany was split into four zones.
Which four countries controlled the zones of occupied Germany?
The four countries that controlled the zones of occupied Germany were the USA, Britain, France and the Soviet Union.
Define the Allied Control Commission (ACC).
The Allied Control Commission (ACC) was the joint organisation in charge of the running of Germany.
True or False?
The division of Germany into four zones was only meant to be temporary.
True.
The division of Germany into four zones was only meant to be temporary.
Which two countries merged their zones to create Bizonia in 1947?
The two countries that merged their zones to create Bizonia in 1947 were the USA and Britain.
In 1948, France merged its zone with the USA and Britain to create .
In 1948, France merged its zone with the USA and Britain to create Trizonia.
By 1948, who controlled West Berlin?
By 1948, West Berlin was controlled by Trizonia.
In which month did the Soviet representative storm out of the ACC meeting?
The Soviet representative stormed out of the ACC meeting in March 1948.
What new currency did the three Western countries create for Trizonia in June 1948?
The new currency the three Western countries created for Trizonia in June 1948 was the Deutschmark.
The West wanted to Germany, while the Soviet Union wanted to weaken it.
The West wanted to strengthen Germany, while the Soviet Union wanted to weaken it.
What did Stalin plan to do in response to the Deutschmark, which became the Berlin Blockade?
In response to the Deutschmark, Stalin planned to block Trizonia's access to their zone in Berlin, which became the Berlin Blockade.
Why did the Soviet Union want a poor Germany?
The Soviet Union wanted a poor Germany because a poor Germany would be likely to stay communist.
In which month and year did the Soviet Union begin the Berlin Blockade?
The Soviet Union began the Berlin Blockade in June 1948.
What did the Soviet Union shut off to blockade West Berlin?
To blockade West Berlin, the Soviet Union shut off the land routes in Soviet-controlled Germany.
What triggered Stalin to want to show that Germany should not be divided?
Stalin was triggered to want to show that Germany should not be divided by Trizonia introducing the Deutschmark in June 1948.
How many agreed land and air routes did Trizonia use to access West Berlin?
Trizonia used two land routes and two air routes to access West Berlin.
When the blockade began, West Berlin only had enough food for days.
When the blockade began, West Berlin only had enough food for 36 days.
Which links did the Soviet Union close across Soviet-controlled Germany in June 1948?
The links the Soviet Union closed across Soviet-controlled Germany in June 1948 were road, rail and canal links.
What did Stalin hope the Western powers would do because of the blockade?
Because of the blockade, Stalin hoped the Western powers would give up their control of West Berlin.
What were the West's three options in response to the blockade?
The West's three options in response to the blockade were to withdraw from Berlin, supply Berlin by land, or supply Berlin by air.
True or False?
Supplying Berlin by land risked making the West the aggressors.
True.
Supplying Berlin by land risked making the West the aggressors.
Which option did the West choose to resolve the blockade?
The option the West chose to resolve the blockade was supplying West Berlin by air.
Truman was not prepared to abandon the policy of so soon after announcing the Truman Doctrine.
Truman was not prepared to abandon the policy of Containment so soon after announcing the Truman Doctrine.
What would have happened to West Berlin if Trizonia did nothing?
If Trizonia did nothing, West Berlin would be forced to accept help from the Soviet Union, placing it under Communist control.
What was the West's response to the Berlin Blockade called?
The West's response to the Berlin Blockade was called the Berlin Airlift.
What was the codename for the Berlin Airlift?
The codename for the Berlin Airlift was Operation Vittles.
Over which dates did the West fly supplies into West Berlin during the airlift?
The West flew supplies into West Berlin during the airlift from June 1948 to May 1949.
The USA and Britain flew in around tons of supplies every day.
The USA and Britain flew in around 1,000 tons of supplies every day.
During the height of the airlift, how often did a plane land at Berlin-Tempelhof?
During the height of the airlift, a plane landed at Berlin-Tempelhof every 45 seconds.
Which new airport was built by the French military during the airlift?
The new airport built by the French military during the airlift was Berlin-Tegel.
Why could Stalin not stop the Berlin Airlift?
Stalin could not stop the Berlin Airlift because shooting down aeroplanes carrying supplies would lead to war.
On what date did the Soviet Union lift the Berlin Blockade?
The Soviet Union lifted the Berlin Blockade on 9 May 1949.
Until what date did the Western Allies continue to fly in supplies?
The Western Allies continued to fly in supplies until 30 September 1949.
True or False?
The Berlin Airlift was a massive victory for the West over the East.
True.
The Berlin Airlift was a massive victory for the West over the East.
The Berlin Crisis led to the formation of East and West Germany and the creation of NATO and the Pact.
The Berlin Crisis led to the formation of East and West Germany and the creation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
What offer from Stalin did the Allies refuse during the airlift?
The offer from Stalin that the Allies refused during the airlift was to lift the Berlin Blockade if the Deutschmark was removed from West Berlin.
What was the official name of West Germany, created in May 1949?
The official name of West Germany, created in May 1949, was the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG).
Which three countries joined together to create the FRG?
The three countries that joined together to create the FRG were the USA, Britain and France.
The city of was chosen as the capital of West Germany.
The city of Bonn was chosen as the capital of West Germany.
Who became the first democratically elected Chancellor of the FRG?
The first democratically elected Chancellor of the FRG was Konrad Adenauer.
Define the Bundestag.
The Bundestag was the parliament elected by West Germans in the FRG.
What was the official name of East Germany, created in October 1949?
The official name of East Germany, created in October 1949, was the German Democratic Republic (GDR).
On what date did the Soviet Union create the GDR?
The Soviet Union created the GDR on 7 October 1949.
Which city remained the capital of East Germany?
The city that remained the capital of East Germany was East Berlin.
Who became the first president of the GDR?
The first president of the GDR was Wilhelm Pieck.
True or False?
East and West Germany did not recognise each other as official states until 1972.
True.
East and West Germany did not recognise each other as official states until 1972.
The end of the Berlin Blockade in May 1949 led the Western allies to create a separate Germany.
The end of the Berlin Blockade in May 1949 led the Western allies to create a separate West Germany.
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