The Ending of Conflict in Vietnam (AQA GCSE History: Wider World Depth Study (Paper 1: Section B)): Flashcards
Exam code: 8145
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For which years was Richard Nixon US President?
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Cards in this collection (39)
For which years was Richard Nixon US President?
Richard Nixon was US President from 1968 to 1974.
Define Vietnamisation.
Vietnamisation was Nixon's policy of expanding and training the ARVN so South Vietnam did more of the fighting, while gradually withdrawing US troops.
By the end of 1969, around US troops had left Vietnam and returned home.
By the end of 1969, around 85,000 US troops had left Vietnam and returned home.
What 'peace' did Nixon promise to bring about when elected in 1968?
When elected in 1968, Nixon promised to bring about an 'honourable peace'.
Which chemical was sprayed under Operation Ranch Hand?
The chemical sprayed under Operation Ranch Hand was Agent Orange.
What was the aim of spraying chemicals like Agent Orange?
The aim of spraying chemicals like Agent Orange was to destroy the crops and jungle hiding places the Vietcong relied upon.
True or False?
The chemicals stayed in the soil and caused birth defects.
True.
They had terrible environmental and human impacts for decades.
Why did Nixon believe a massive aerial bombing campaign was worthwhile?
Nixon believed a massive aerial bombing campaign was worthwhile because it kept US servicemen relatively safe while disrupting supplies to the Vietcong.
True or False?
Nixon resumed and intensified heavy bombing of North Vietnam.
True.
Johnson had paused it to improve relations and start peace talks.
When did Nixon order secret bombing raids on Vietcong bases in Cambodia?
Nixon ordered secret bombing raids on Vietcong bases in Cambodia in March 1969.
Nixon ordered US troops to invade to attack Vietcong bases in April 1970.
Nixon ordered US troops to invade Cambodia to attack Vietcong bases in April 1970.
Which country did the ARVN invade and fail in during 1971?
The ARVN invaded and failed in Laos during 1971.
What did North Vietnam launch in early 1972, sensing the ARVN were weak?
Sensing the ARVN were weak, North Vietnam launched an invasion of South Vietnam in early 1972.
On what date did the Kent State University shootings take place?
The Kent State University shootings took place on 4th May 1970.
What were the Kent State students protesting against?
The Kent State students were protesting against the US invasion of Cambodia.
At Kent State, people were shot dead and nine were injured.
At Kent State, four people were shot dead and nine were injured.
Who fired into the crowd at Kent State University?
The National Guard fired into the crowd at Kent State University.
At which other college were two students shot dead by police?
Two students were shot dead by police at Jackson State College in Mississippi.
Just % of American homes had a TV set when the Korean War began in 1950.
Just 9% of American homes had a TV set when the Korean War began in 1950.
What percentage of American homes had a TV set by 1961?
By 1961, 93% of American homes had a TV set.
Which technological developments let journalists film around the war zones?
Journalists were able to film around the war zones thanks to lightweight colour cameras and sound recorders.
True or False?
Constant exposure to distressing images from Vietnam helped turn US opinion against the war.
True.
Constant exposure to distressing images from Vietnam helped turn US public opinion against the war.
Define the Watergate scandal.
The Watergate scandal was the scandal over Nixon's cover-up of a break-in at his opponents' offices, which led to his resignation in August 1974.
In which month and year did Nixon resign over Watergate?
Nixon resigned over Watergate in August 1974.
What were the Watergate break-in perpetrators trying to do?
The Watergate break-in perpetrators were trying to steal secret documents and install secret listening devices.
True or False?
Nixon was proven to have attempted to cover up the Watergate break-in.
True.
There was no evidence he knew of the break-in itself, but there was proof he covered it up.
In which month and year were the Paris Peace Accords signed?
The Paris Peace Accords were signed in January 1973.
Who was America's chief negotiator at the Paris peace talks?
America's chief negotiator at the Paris peace talks was Henry Kissinger.
Under the Paris Peace Accords, all were to leave Vietnam.
Under the Paris Peace Accords, all US troops were to leave Vietnam.
True or False?
The Paris Peace Accords required all US prisoners of war to be returned.
True.
There was also to be an immediate ceasefire.
Which South Vietnamese capital city was captured by North Vietnam by April 1975?
The South Vietnamese capital captured by North Vietnam by April 1975 was Saigon.
On what date did South Vietnam surrender?
South Vietnam surrendered on 30 April 1975.
In December , North Vietnam tested US resolve by capturing a South Vietnamese province.
In December 1974, North Vietnam tested US resolve by capturing a South Vietnamese province.
What type of government did the united Vietnam have when the war ended?
When the war ended, the united Vietnam had a communist government.
Roughly how many people were killed in Vietnam during the war?
Over 2.2 million people were killed in Vietnam during the war, including 1.1 million civilians.
At least how many US military personnel were killed in the Vietnam War?
At least 58,000 US military personnel were killed in the Vietnam War.
The USA spent around $ billion fighting the Vietnam War.
The USA spent around $170 billion fighting the Vietnam War.
How many people were killed by unexploded bombs after the war ended?
Another 42,000 people were killed by unexploded bombs after the war ended.
True or False?
Over 11 million people became refugees because of the fighting.
True.
Around 3 million fled the country in boats.
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