Exam code: 8582
Complete the word equation for anaerobic exercise below.
Glucose → energy + _____________
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A footballer sprints to chase a through ball. State whether this is aerobic or anaerobic exercise. Justify your answer.
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The same footballer then jogs back to their position. State whether this is aerobic or anaerobic exercise. Justify your answer.
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Name the energy source used by the body during both aerobic and anaerobic exercise
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State one similarity and one difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise
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A 400m runner finishes their race and continues to breathe heavily for several minutes afterwards.
What is the correct term for this elevated oxygen consumption after exercise?
Oxygen debt repayment
Aerobic threshold
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
Anticipatory rise
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Lactic acid builds up in a sprinter's muscles during a 200m race. Which one of these correctly describes what happens to this lactic acid after the race during recovery?
It is breathed out through the lungs as carbon dioxide
It is broken down using oxygen during EPOC
It is stored in the liver permanently
It is converted into glucose and used immediately for energy again
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Which one of these best explains why a marathon runner uses the aerobic energy system but a 100m sprinter uses the anaerobic energy system?
The marathon runner is fitter so doesn't need as much oxygen
The 100m sprinter works at a lower intensity so can rely on oxygen
The marathon runner works at an intensity low enough for oxygen supply to meet energy demands; the sprinter's intensity is too high for this
The anaerobic system produces more energy per minute than the aerobic system making it better for distance running
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Chris is an experienced 25-year-old 800m runner.
Table 1 shows Chris’s heart rate in beats per minute (bpm) at the start and during an 800m race.
Distance (m) | Heart rate (bpm) |
0 | 80 |
200 | 130 |
400 | 140 |
600 | 160 |
800 | 200 |
Explain three factors that can affect Chris’s speed of recovery.
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EPOC is excess post-exercise oxygen consumption.
Explain how EPOC is caused.
Give a sporting example when EPOC is likely to occur.
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A cool down and stretching are two ways to recover from vigorous exercise.
Explain two other ways to improve recovery from vigorous exercise
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A swimmer completes a 200m race at high intensity. During the race, their muscles cannot receive enough oxygen to meet the demands of the exercise.
Identify the waste product produced when muscles respire anaerobically.
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Explain why this waste product causes a problem for the swimmer's performance during the race.
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After the race, the swimmer's coach tells them to cool down with a gentle swim.
Explain how the cool down helps the swimmer to recover from the effects identified in part b.
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A 400m sprinter finishes their race breathing heavily and is experiencing EPOC.
State what the letters EPOC stand for.
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Explain how EPOC is caused and why the sprinter's breathing rate remains elevated following this vigorous exercise.
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After completing a strenuous gymnastics floor routine, the gymnast completes an active cool-down
Identify the waste product that a cool-down helps to remove from the muscles.
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Explain how maintaining a light jog as part of a cool-down assists in the removal of this waste product.
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Stretching is another key component of a cool-down.
State two physiological reasons why an athlete should stretch after exercise.
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A sports scientist monitors two athletes completing the same 10-minute high intensity interval training session. The session involves 30 seconds of maximum effort sprinting followed by 30 seconds of rest repeated 10 times.
Explain what happens to lactic acid levels in the athletes' bodies during the 30-second sprint intervals and during the 30-second rest periods
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By the end of the session both athletes have significant levels of lactic acid in their blood.
Explain what will happen to these levels in the minutes and hours after the session ends and what this means for their EPOC
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In 1999, Michael Johnson set a new world record for the 400m with a time of 43.18 seconds.
Justify why his performance was mainly aerobic or anaerobic.
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A coach tells their athlete that a highly developed aerobic energy system is just as important as a highly developed anaerobic energy system for an 800m runner.
Evaluate this statement using your knowledge of energy systems.
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A coach advises a long-distance runner to complete a 30-day high altitude training camp at 2000m above sea level to prepare for a major race.
Evaluate the effectiveness of high altitude training for the long-distance runner.
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Bradley is a competitive road cyclist. He is competing in a 4-hour road race. For the first 3 hours and 58 minutes of the race, Bradley rides at a steady, continuous pace within the main pack of riders. With 400 metres to go, Bradley breaks away from the pack and performs a maximal, explosive sprint to cross the finish line in first place.
Analyse how Bradley's body uses both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems during the different stages of the race, and evaluate the physiological consequences of his final sprint to the finish line.
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