Covalent Bonding (Edexcel GCSE Combined Science: Chemistry): Flashcards
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What is a covalent bond?
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What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where atoms share pairs of electrons with each other.
What is represented by a short straight line between two atoms?
A short straight line between two atoms represents a covalent bond.
What makes each atom more stable in a covalent bond?
Sharing electrons in the covalent bond allows each atom to achieve an electron configuration similar to a noble gas.
True or False?
Simple covalent molecules conduct electricity.
False.
Simple covalent molecules do not conduct electricity as they do not contain free electrons.
What are intermolecular forces?
Intermolecular forces are the weak forces of attraction that exist between individual molecules in a covalent substance.
What type of materials form a covalent bond?
The materials that form covalent bonds are non-metals.
Where is the strong electrostatic attraction in a covalent bond?
The strong electrostatic attraction in covalent compounds is between the shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the atoms involved.
True or False?
Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons.
False.
Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, not transferring them.
What is formed when a group of two or more atoms covalently bond together?
A compound / molecule is formed when a group of two or more atoms covalently bond together.
Describe the forces of attraction in a covalent bond.
The attraction between a shared pair of electrons and nuclei.
In a covalent bond, atoms share .......... of electrons with each other.
In a covalent bond, atoms share pairs of electrons with each other.
What is the typical size of an atom?
An atom is typically about 0.1 nanometres in size, which is 0.0000000001 m or 10-10 m.
What is the smallest molecule?
The smallest molecule is hydrogen, H2.
Name six molecules that you should be able to draw dot-and-cross diagrams for.
Compounds that you should be able to draw dot-and-cross diagrams for are:
Hydrogen
Hydrogen chloride
Water
Methane
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
What are simple molecules?
A simple molecule is a small covalent molecule with a fixed number of atoms, such as H2, Cl2, H2O, NH3, and CH4.
True or False?
Dot and cross diagrams can represent giant covalent structures.
False.
Dot and cross diagrams are used to represent only small covalent molecules with a fixed number of atoms.
What do dots and crosses represent in a dot and cross diagram?
In a dot and cross diagram, dots and crosses represents electrons.
Draw the dot and cross diagram for hydrogen, H2.
The dot and cross diagram for hydrogen, H2, is:
True or False?
The dot and cross diagram for oxygen is:
False.
The correct dot and cross diagram for oxygen is:
What are diatomic molecules?
Diatomic molecules are molecules composed of two atoms, such as H2, Cl2, O2, and N2.
What are inorganic compounds?
Inorganic compounds are compounds that do not contain carbon AND hydrogen atoms, such as H2O and NH3.
Simple molecules have .......... intermolecular forces, which is why they have low melting and boiling points.
Simple molecules have weak intermolecular forces, which is why they have low melting and boiling points.
Draw the dot and cross diagram for hydrogen chloride, HCl.
The dot and cross diagram for hydrogen chloride, HCl, is:
What is the difference between simple covalent molecules and giant covalent structures?
Simple covalent molecules are small and can be separated into individual molecular units without breaking any chemical bonds.
Giant covalent structures are huge continuous networks of atoms that cannot be separated into individual units without breaking bonds.
True or False?
You can be expected to draw dot-and-cross diagrams for the diatomic molecules hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, halogens and hydrogen halides.
False.\n\nYou can be expected to draw dot-and-cross diagrams for the molecules hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, water, methane, oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Draw the dot and cross diagram for water, H2O.
The dot and cross diagram for water, H2O, is:
What is an organic molecule?
An organic molecule is a simple molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen atoms, such as CH4, C2H6, and C2H4.
Draw the dot and cross diagram for methane, CH4.
The dot and cross diagram for methane, CH4, is:
Draw the dot and cross diagram for carbon dioxide, CO2.
The dot and cross diagram for carbon dioxide, CO2, is:
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