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First teaching 2025

First exams 2027

Causes of Migration (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Geography): Revision Note

Exam code: 0460 & 0976

Bridgette Barrett

Written by: Bridgette Barrett

Reviewed by: Jacque Cartwright

Updated on

Push and pull factors

  • The main reasons for migration are push-pull factors

  • The push factors are things in a person's current situation that are 'pushing' them away

    • It is what makes the person consider moving from their place of origin

  • The pull factors are the perceived outcome

    • It is what they imagine life will be in their place of destination

  • Push-pull factors are unique to each migrant, depending on their reasons for moving

  • These factors can be divided into:

    • Social

    • Economic

    • Political

    • Environmental

Diagram showing push factors like unemployment and pull factors like freedom of speech, illustrating reasons for migration from origin to destination.
Push and pull factors

Examiner Tips and Tricks

  • Remember do not just state the opposite when asked to give push-pull factors

  • Poverty is a push factor; however, everywhere has certain levels of poverty, so a pull factor could be better welfare and healthcare services

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    Author
    Reviewer
    Bridgette Barrett

    Author: Bridgette Barrett

    Expertise: Geography, History, Religious Studies & Environmental Studies Subject Lead

    After graduating with a degree in Geography, Bridgette completed a PGCE over 30 years ago. She later gained an MA Learning, Technology and Education from the University of Nottingham focussing on online learning. At a time when the study of geography has never been more important, Bridgette is passionate about creating content which supports students in achieving their potential in geography and builds their confidence.

    Jacque Cartwright

    Reviewer: Jacque Cartwright

    Expertise: Geography Content Creator

    Jacque graduated from the Open University with a BSc in Environmental Science and Geography before doing her PGCE with the University of St David’s, Swansea. Teaching is her passion and has taught across a wide range of specifications – GCSE/IGCSE and IB but particularly loves teaching the A-level Geography. For the past 5 years Jacque has been teaching online for international schools, and she knows what is needed to get the top scores on those pesky geography exams.