Integrated Pest Management (College Board AP® Environmental Science): Flashcards
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Define integrated pest management (IPM).
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Define integrated pest management (IPM).
Integrated pest management (IPM) is a combination of methods used to control pest species while minimizing environmental damage or disruption.
Define biological control.
Biological control (biocontrol) is the use of natural predators, parasites, or pathogens to control pest populations, such as ladybugs feeding on aphids.
True or False?
IPM avoids the use of chemical pesticides completely.
False.
IPM uses targeted pesticide applications only when necessary, favoring selective, low-toxicity pesticides to minimize harm to beneficial organisms.
Installing insect netting to prevent pests from reaching crops is an example of control.
Installing insect netting to prevent pests from reaching crops is an example of physical control.
Define cultural control.
Cultural control is altering farming practices to reduce pest infestations, for example by intercropping or crop rotation.
How does intercropping reduce pest infestations?
Different crops emit varied scents and chemicals that confuse pests, disrupting their ability to locate their preferred host plants.
How does crop rotation help control pests?
Changing crops seasonally prevents pest life cycles from continuing and alters pest habitats, making it harder for resistant species to thrive.
Define pesticide treadmill.
The pesticide treadmill is a cycle in which pests evolve resistance to a pesticide, farmers respond with higher or more frequent doses, and the increased selection pressure favors even more resistant pests.
How does rotating different pesticides benefit pest control?
Rotating pesticides that target pests in different ways can slow the development of pesticide resistance.
True or False?
IPM usually reduces pest populations faster than chemical pesticides.
False.
IPM methods may take longer to show noticeable reductions in pest populations, so some farmers prefer faster-acting chemical solutions for large-scale outbreaks.
Which non-target organisms does IPM help protect?
By minimizing pesticide use, IPM helps protect non-target organisms such as beneficial insects, birds, and pollinators.
How does IPM protect aquatic ecosystems?
Reducing pesticide application prevents chemical runoff into waterways, which protects aquatic ecosystems.
Although the initial investment in IPM may be high, savings occur due to reduced chemical dependency and healthier crops.
Although the initial investment in IPM may be high, long-term savings occur due to reduced chemical dependency and healthier crops.
Why is IPM complex to implement?
IPM requires detailed knowledge of pest species, their life cycles, and their interactions with the environment, and farmers must monitor and adapt strategies continuously, which can be labor-intensive.
Why can IPM have higher upfront costs than chemical pesticides?
Some IPM methods, such as introducing biological controls, cost more upfront, and farmers need training and education to implement IPM effectively.
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