Sustainable Forestry (College Board AP® Environmental Science): Flashcards
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Define deforestation mitigation.
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Define deforestation mitigation.
Deforestation mitigation is the set of strategies used to reduce forest loss and promote sustainable forestry practices.
Which essential ecosystem services do forests provide?
Forests provide carbon storage, biodiversity conservation, and hydrologic cycle regulation.
Define reforestation.
Reforestation is replanting trees in deforested areas to restore ecosystems and sequester carbon.
True or False?
Reforestation can only be achieved by planting trees.
False.
Reforestation can happen naturally, by allowing forests to regrow, or actively, through tree planting programs.
How does selective logging differ from clearcutting?
Selective logging harvests only certain trees and leaves younger and ecologically important trees growing, while clearcutting cuts down all trees in an area at once.
Define reduced-impact logging.
Reduced-impact logging uses careful planning and techniques to minimize damage to surrounding trees and soil.
Reduced-impact logging uses directional to avoid harming nearby vegetation.
Reduced-impact logging uses directional felling to avoid harming nearby vegetation.
Define agroforestry.
Agroforestry is the integration of trees with crops and livestock to create sustainable land use.
How does buying certified wood, such as FSC-certified wood, support sustainable forestry?
Buying certified wood encourages logging companies to follow environmentally friendly practices and reduces demand for illegally harvested or unsustainable timber.
How does reusing and recycling wood help mitigate deforestation?
Reusing and recycling wood extends the life cycle of wood products, reducing the need for new tree harvesting; examples include reclaimed wood, recycled paper, and wood waste turned into biofuels or mulch.
Why is it important to protect forests from pathogens and pests?
Pathogens and insect pests can weaken or kill trees, causing forest degradation, so managing them prevents large-scale tree loss and economic damage.
Define integrated pest management (IPM).
Integrated pest management (IPM) uses a combination of biological, physical, and chemical methods to control pests with minimal environmental impact.
In forestry IPM, introducing natural predators of harmful insects is an example of control.
In forestry IPM, introducing natural predators of harmful insects is an example of biological control.
True or False?
In forestry IPM, pesticides are sprayed regularly as the main control method.
False.
Chemical control has limited use in IPM, with pesticides applied only when necessary.
How do forest managers detect pest and disease outbreaks early?
Forest managers use regular tree health assessments, along with traps, aerial surveys, and satellite imagery, to track outbreaks.
Why are infected or infested trees strategically removed from forests?
Removing affected trees prevents the spread of disease and pests, protecting healthy trees and allowing the forest to recover more effectively.
What is an example of using pest-resistant tree species to protect forests?
Planting disease-resistant American chestnut trees is used to combat chestnut blight.
Define prescribed burn.
A prescribed burn (or controlled burn) is the intentional use of fire under controlled conditions to manage forests and reduce wildfire risks.
How do prescribed burns reduce the risk of severe wildfires?
Prescribed burns remove excess dry vegetation (fuel) and create firebreaks that slow or stop the spread of uncontrolled fires.
Some plant species, such as longleaf pines and sequoias, rely on fire for seed .
Some plant species, such as longleaf pines and sequoias, rely on fire for seed germination.
How do prescribed burns promote forest regeneration?
Fire clears dead plant material and opens up the forest floor to sunlight, encouraging the growth of diverse plant species.
True or False?
Smoke from prescribed burns poses no risk to nearby communities.
False.
Smoke from prescribed burns can reduce air quality and pose health risks to nearby communities, so timing and weather conditions must be carefully considered.
How can a prescribed burn become an unintended wildfire?
A prescribed burn can escape control if conditions change, such as strong winds, so it requires strict monitoring and planning.
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