State Sovereignty (College Board AP® Human Geography): Flashcards
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Define devolution.
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Cards in this collection (35)
Define devolution.
Devolution is the transfer of power from the central government to subnational levels of government at the regional or local level.
Why do governments often devolve powers to local or regional levels?
Governments devolve powers to diffuse demands from groups that might otherwise wish to separate from the country.
True or False?
Devolution can occur in both unitary and federal states.
True.
Devolution can occur in both unitary and federal states.
Define ethnic separatism.
Ethnic separatism is the desire for full political separation from a larger political unit by a particular cultural or ethnic group.
Which Canadian province is an example of an ethnic separatist movement based on language?
Quebec is an example of an ethnic separatist movement based on language.
Define ethnic cleansing.
Ethnic cleansing is the mass killing or expulsion of members of a specific ethnic, religious, or cultural group in an attempt to permanently remove them from a country.
Define terrorism.
Terrorism is violence committed against civilians for political purposes.
Define irredentism.
Irredentism is the desire of a state to annex an additional territory whose population is ethnically, religiously, or culturally similar.
Which annexation is an example of irredentism?
The Russian annexation of Crimea is an example of irredentism.
Which Spanish devolutionary movement is based mainly on economics?
The Catalan independence movement in Spain is an example of a devolutionary movement based on economics.
Which independence movement is an example of devolutionary pressure from physical geography?
The movement for Basque independence is an example of devolutionary pressure caused by physical geography.
Belgium is an example of devolutionary tension based on social issues, particularly .
Belgium is an example of devolutionary tension based on social issues, particularly language.
Define autonomous region.
An autonomous region is a subnational political unit which exercises a degree of self-government in its area but is not independent.
Define balkanization.
Balkanization is the fragmentation of a region into smaller, often ethnically distinct units.
Which 1990s breakup is an example of balkanization?
The breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s is an example of balkanization.
Define supranationalism.
Supranationalism is several states forming an organization to achieve common goals and benefits for all member states.
What must states usually give up to join a supranational organization?
States usually have to give up some sovereignty, limiting the independent political or economic actions they can take.
Which supranational organization is an example of a military alliance?
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an example of a military supranational organization.
Which organization is an example of a political supranational organization?
The United Nations (UN) is an example of a political supranational organization.
Which agreement is an example of an environmental supranational organization?
The Paris Climate Accords are an example of an environmental supranational organization.
Name one example of an economic supranational organization.
The European Union (EU) is an example of an economic supranational organization, along with OPEC, ASEAN, and NAFTA.
Member countries of the European Union must adopt the as their currency.
Member countries of the European Union must adopt the Euro as their currency.
True or False?
Advances in communication technology can facilitate both devolutionary actions and democratization.
True.
Advances in communication technology help spread a group's message and can facilitate both devolution and democratization.
How can social media support devolutionary movements?
Social media helps groups organize protests and communicate quickly.
Define centrifugal force.
A centrifugal force undermines national unity.
Define centripetal force.
A centripetal force tends to unify people and increase support for the state.
True or False?
A centripetal force divides and weakens a state.
False.
A centripetal force unifies a state and increases support for it; a force that divides or weakens a state is a centrifugal force.
Name one political example of a centrifugal force.
Armed conflicts are a political example of a centrifugal force, along with territorial disputes and poor relations between minority and majority groups.
How can economic conditions act as a centrifugal force?
Uneven economic development, economic inequality, or a lack of infrastructure can act as a centrifugal force.
What can centrifugal forces lead to?
Centrifugal forces can lead to failed states, stateless nations, and ethnic separatist movements.
Name one political example of a centripetal force.
National holidays are a political centripetal force, along with strong central governments and uniting against an external threat.
What cultural factors act as centripetal forces?
A shared history and a common language, religion, or ethnicity are cultural centripetal forces.
Centripetal forces can lead to ethnonationalism and increased cultural .
Centripetal forces can lead to ethnonationalism and increased cultural unity.
How do centripetal forces affect state sovereignty?
Centripetal forces can develop a strong national identity and increase state sovereignty.
How do centrifugal forces affect state sovereignty?
Centrifugal forces can lead to a lack of strong national identity and decreases in state sovereignty.
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