City Patterns (College Board AP® Human Geography): Flashcards
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Define the rank-size rule.
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Cards in this collection (30)
Define the rank-size rule.
The rank-size rule predicts the size of a city based on its position in the ranking of cities within a country.
Under the rank-size rule, how large is the second largest city?
Under the rank-size rule, the second largest city is half the size of the largest city.
Define primate city.
A primate city is the main city in a country in terms of size and influence by a wide margin, being disproportionately larger than the next largest city.
Give two examples of primate cities.
Examples of primate cities include Paris, which is 8 times larger than the next city, and Buenos Aires, which is 10 times larger.
Why are Mumbai and New York City not primate cities?
Mumbai and New York City are not primate cities because they are not more than twice as large as the next city in their respective countries.
Define Christaller's Central Place Theory.
Christaller's Central Place Theory explains the distribution of goods and services across a region.
Who developed Central Place Theory, and when?
German geographer Walter Christaller developed Central Place Theory in the 1930s.
Define threshold in Central Place Theory.
A threshold is the number of people required to support a business and make it profitable.
Define range in Central Place Theory.
Range is the distance people are willing to travel for a particular good or service.
Christaller's Central Place Theory is easily identified by its use of multiple, overlapping .
Christaller's Central Place Theory is easily identified by its use of multiple, overlapping hexagons.
True or False?
In Central Place Theory, range refers to the number of people needed to support a business.
False.
That describes threshold; range is the distance people are willing to travel for a good or service.
On what does the gravity model base the likelihood of interaction between two places?
The gravity model bases the likelihood of interaction on size, population, and distance.
On what three qualities do city hierarchies rank cities?
City hierarchies rank cities based on their size, function, and influence.
How does interdependence lead cities to specialize?
Cities take advantage of comparative advantage and specialize; for example, London specializes in finance while San Francisco specializes in technology.
Define the Burgess concentric zone model.
The Burgess concentric zone model explains the social groups living in urban areas using a series of concentric rings, with the city growing outward from a central area.
What are the five rings of the Burgess concentric zone model?
The five rings are the CBD, the zone of transition, the zone of independent workers' homes, the zone of better residencies, and the commuter zone.
What characterizes the zone of transition in the Burgess model?
The zone of transition is characterized by industry and poorer, more dense housing, and historically was home to immigrant workers.
Define the Hoyt sector model.
The Hoyt sector model divides the city into sections based on the sector of economic activity, with wedges extending outward from a central CBD.
In the Hoyt sector model, where is industry located?
In the Hoyt sector model, industry is located along transportation lines, such as railroads, to facilitate trade and production.
True or False?
The Hoyt model arranges the city into Burgess's concentric rings.
False.
The Hoyt sector model divides the city into sectors (wedges) of economic activity, not concentric rings.
Define the Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model.
The Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model proposes that cities have more than one center around which economic activities revolve.
What are examples of nodes in the multiple nuclei model?
Nodes in the multiple nuclei model include airports, seaports, and universities.
Which city is given as an example of a multiple nuclei city?
Los Angeles is an example of a multiple nuclei city, with a seaport, an international airport, several universities, a CBD, and movie production facilities.
Define the Galactic City Model.
The Galactic City Model deemphasizes the CBD and focuses attention on suburbs and edge cities, serving as a model for post-industrial cities.
How can the Latin American city model be most easily identified?
The Latin American city model can be most easily identified by the presence of its commercial spine.
How many CBDs does the Sub-Saharan African city model include?
The Sub-Saharan African city model includes three CBDs: a colonial CBD, a traditional CBD, and a market CBD.
How can the Southeast Asian city model be easily identified?
The Southeast Asian city model has no formal CBD and can be easily identified by the inclusion of its port zone.
Define bid-rent theory.
Bid-rent theory suggests that the price of land increases the closer you get to the CBD.
Under bid-rent theory, who occupies most of the land closest to the city center?
Under bid-rent theory, commercial businesses occupy most of the land closest to the city center.
Under bid-rent theory, land value increases as density increases and as supply .
Under bid-rent theory, land value increases as density increases and as supply decreases.
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