Changes in Population (College Board AP® Human Geography): Flashcards
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What is the relationship between women's advancement in society and the total fertility rate?
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Cards in this collection (28)
What is the relationship between women's advancement in society and the total fertility rate?
There is a direct correlation between women's advancement in society and a decreased total fertility rate.
How do higher educational levels for women affect fertility rates?
Higher educational levels for women produce lower fertility rates.
How does higher workforce participation for women affect fertility rates?
Higher workforce participation for women produces lower fertility rates.
What does increased political access for women correlate with?
Increased political access for women correlates with increased levels of family planning.
Why do more religious and traditional rural societies tend to have higher fertility rates?
In more religious and traditional rural societies, women hold more traditional domestic roles, which results in higher fertility rates.
Name examples of areas with traditional gender roles and higher fertility rates.
Examples include Sub-Saharan Africa, Afghanistan, and Catholic communities in South America.
How do fertility rates in urban areas compare with rural areas?
Urban areas tend to have lower fertility rates than rural areas.
True or False?
More developed countries tend to have higher birth rates than developing countries.
False.
More developed countries tend to have higher gender equality and lower birth rates.
As women increase their social, political, and economic participation, they tend to delay the age at which they get and have fewer children.
As women increase their social, political, and economic participation, they tend to delay the age at which they get married and have fewer children.
Why are fertility rates lower in developed countries?
Fertility rates are lower in developed countries because women have careers and access to contraception.
Give two reasons fertility rates are high in developing countries.
Fertility rates are high in developing countries because contraception is not as available and children can help support the family by farming.
True or False?
In developed countries, only women look after children.
False.
In developed countries, both men and women look after children.
According to Ravenstein's laws, who is more likely to migrate within their country?
According to Ravenstein's laws, women are more likely than men to migrate within their country.
Define secondary migrants.
Secondary migrants are people who migrate following a primary migrant, such as women who have often followed men in long-distance international migration.
Define aging population.
An aging population is one with a rising percentage of people over age 65, longer life expectancies, and decreased birth rates.
Name three characteristics of an aging population.
Characteristics of an aging population include longer life expectancies, decreased birth rates, and a shrinking working-age population, along with increased quality of medical care and higher living standards.
Which countries have populations aging most rapidly?
More developed countries, such as Japan and Germany, have populations aging most rapidly.
Name two economic impacts of an aging population.
Economic impacts of an aging population include increased healthcare costs, shrinking tax revenues, changing consumer patterns, and changes in the housing market.
Name two social impacts of an aging population.
Social impacts of an aging population include changing family dynamics, increased healthcare needs, and changing transportation requirements.
What political grouping can an aging population create?
An aging population can create a senior voting bloc.
How might the political interests of older people differ from younger people?
Older people are often more interested in pensions and health care, while younger people are more interested in funding education or environmental initiatives.
Name three government policies used to address an aging population.
Governments may use pronatalist policies, pro-immigration policies, and domestic reforms to address an aging population.
Why might a government encourage immigration in response to an aging population?
A government may encourage immigration to increase the working-age population.
Define elderly dependency ratio.
The elderly dependency ratio compares the working-age population with the number of people aged 65 and over that it must support.
Name two effects of a high elderly dependency ratio.
Effects of a high elderly dependency ratio include increased demand for healthcare, greater tax burdens on the working population, and potential risks to the pension system.
Governments may enact pronatalist policies to increase the rate.
Governments may enact pronatalist policies to increase the birth rate.
True or False?
Older people tend to be more traditional and conservative than younger people.
True.
Older people tend to be more traditional and conservative than their younger counterparts.
True or False?
As populations age, less of the economy is geared toward health care.
False.
As populations age, more of the economy is geared toward health care.
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