A researcher wants to investigate whether listening to classical music while studying improves exam performance. She predicts that students who listen to classical music during revision will score higher on a subsequent exam than students who revise in silence.
Which of the following best describes the researcher's prediction?
A null hypothesis
A directional (one-tailed) alternative hypothesis
An aim
A non-directional (two-tailed) alternative hypothesis
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A psychologist designs a study in which participants are randomly assigned to either a sleep deprivation group (4 hours of sleep) or a control group (8 hours of sleep). The next morning, all participants complete a reaction time task.
Which of the following correctly identifies the independent variable and dependent variable in this study?
IV: reaction time; DV: amount of sleep
IV: number of participants in each group; DV: reaction time
IV: amount of sleep (4 hours vs. 8 hours); DV: reaction time
IV: type of task completed; DV: amount of sleep
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