Sampling Methods (College Board AP® Psychology): Flashcards
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Define target population.
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Cards in this collection (12)
Define target population.
The target population is the full group of people a researcher is interested in studying and to whom they want to generalize their findings.
Define sample.
A sample is a subset of individuals drawn from the target population to participate in the study.
What makes a sample representative of its target population?
A sample is representative when it accurately reflects the key characteristics of the target population, such as age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
What is sampling bias?
Sampling bias occurs when the sample is not representative of the target population, which threatens the external validity of the study.
Define random sampling.
Random sampling selects participants from the target population entirely by chance, so that every member has an equal probability of being selected.
Which sampling method eliminates researcher bias by giving every member of the target population an equal probability of selection?
Random sampling eliminates researcher bias because the researcher has no control over which individuals from the target population are selected.
Convenience sampling selects participants who are ________________ and willing to take part at the time the study is conducted.
Convenience sampling selects participants who are available and willing to take part at the time the study is conducted.
Define stratified sampling.
Stratified sampling divides the target population into subgroups based on key characteristics, then randomly selects participants from each subgroup in proportion to their representation in the population.
In stratified sampling, how are participants chosen from within each stratum?
Within each stratum, participants are chosen randomly, in proportion to the subgroup's representation in the target population.
True or False?
Convenience sampling guarantees a representative sample of the target population.
False.
Convenience samples are rarely representative because they only reflect those available and willing at a specific time and place.
True or False?
Random sampling eliminates researcher bias but does not guarantee a representative sample.
True.
By chance a random sample can still be unbalanced, for example an all-male sample drawn from a mixed-gender population.
A convenience sample is also known as an ____________________ sample.
A convenience sample is also known as an opportunity sample.
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