Physical Development Across the Lifespan (College Board AP® Psychology): Flashcards
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Define teratogens.
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Cards in this collection (15)
Define teratogens.
Teratogens are harmful substances or agents in the environment that can cross the placenta and negatively affect fetal development.
Which teratogen is most commonly linked to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)?
Alcohol is the teratogen most commonly linked to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder when consumed heavily during pregnancy.
True or False?
Proximodistal development means that infants gain control of their head before their trunk.
False.
Proximodistal development proceeds from the center of the body outward, so trunk control develops before arm and hand control; head-to-tail development is called cephalocaudal.
What is the term for infants gaining head and neck control before trunk and leg control?
Cephalocaudal development describes infants gaining head and neck control before trunk and leg control.
Define gross motor skills.
Gross motor skills involve large muscle movements, such as rolling, crawling, sitting, standing, and walking.
The rooting reflex is triggered when an infant's ________ is touched.
The rooting reflex is triggered when an infant's cheek is touched.
In Gibson and Walk's visual cliff study, what percentage of infants refused to crawl over the deep side?
In Gibson and Walk's visual cliff study, 92% of infants refused to crawl over the apparent cliff edge.
Define sensitive period.
A sensitive period is a window during which development is most easily influenced, but it can still occur, with more difficulty, outside that window.
What phenomenon did Konrad Lorenz demonstrate using goslings?
Konrad Lorenz demonstrated imprinting, in which a newborn bonds with and follows the first moving object it encounters after birth.
True or False?
Lorenz found that goslings imprinted on him only if exposed within thirteen to sixteen hours after hatching.
True.
Lorenz identified a critical period of approximately thirteen to sixteen hours after hatching, outside of which imprinting did not occur.
What is the first menstrual period in females called?
The first menstrual period in females is called menarche, typically occurring between ages eleven and fourteen.
What is the first ejaculation in males called?
The first ejaculation in males is called spermarche, typically occurring between ages twelve and fourteen.
Adolescent risk-taking and impulsivity are linked to the ____________________________________, which is not fully developed until the mid-20s.
Adolescent risk-taking and impulsivity are linked to the prefrontal cortex, which is not fully developed until the mid-20s.
At approximately what age does menopause typically occur?
Menopause typically occurs around age fifty, marking the end of the menstrual cycle and reproductive ability.
True or False?
Fluid intelligence tends to increase throughout adulthood while crystallized intelligence declines.
False.
Crystallized intelligence tends to remain stable or increase in adulthood, while fluid intelligence declines.
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