Exam code: 0654 & 0973
Extended Tier Only
Which of the following is a correct function of bile?
To emulsify proteins
To neutralise the alkaline conditions of food entering the duodenum
To provide enzymes for the digestion of lipids
To increase the surface area of lipids for digestion
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The diagram below shows part of the human digestive system.
In which structure is most of the water from food absorbed?
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Which of the following best describes the function of vitamin D in a human?
Vitamin D forms an essential part of collagen protein which is the main component of skin, hair and nails.
Vitamin D is needed for strong bones and teeth and a deficiency may lead to osteoporosis later in life.
Vitamin D assists with the absorption of calcium and is therefore needed to build strong bones and teeth.
Vitamin D is an important component of haemoglobin which is needed for the transport of oxygen to the cells.
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Which of the following is not an example of physical digestion?
Breaking food up into smaller pieces by chewing it.
Starch being broken down into glucose molecules.
Food being churned when the muscles in the stomach lining contracts.
Bile breaking large fat droplets up into smaller ones during emulsification.
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The diagram below shows part of the human digestive system.
In which structure is most of the water from food absorbed?
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The diagram below shows the organs of the digestive system.
In which organs does the digestion of proteins take place?
W and Y
W and Z
Z only
W and X
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Which of the following is a correct cause and effect?
| deficiency | cause | effect |
A | iron | diet deficient in red meat, leafy green vegetables and liver | brittle bones (rickets) |
B | iron | lack of sunlight, fish and eggs | anaemia - tiredness and weakness due to not enough oxygen being delivered to tissues |
C | vitamin D | lack of sunlight | brittle bones (rickets) |
D | vitamin D | diet deficient in red meat, leafy green vegetables and liver | anaemia - tiredness and weakness due to not enough oxygen being delivered to tissues |
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Which of the following descriptions are correctly matched to the different stages of food breakdown?
| absorption | assimilation | egestion |
A | small soluble food molecules move into the bloodstream | small soluble food molecules cross the cell membrane of cells | excretion of undigested or unabsorbed food through the anus |
B | small soluble food molecules move into the bloodstream | small soluble food molecules cross the cell membrane of cells | passing out of undigested or unabsorbed food through the anus |
C | small soluble food molecules cross the cell membrane of cells | small soluble food molecules move into the bloodstream | passing out of undigested or unabsorbed food through the anus |
D | small soluble food molecules cross the cell membrane of cells | small soluble food molecules move into the bloodstream | excretion of undigested or unabsorbed food through the anus |
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Extended Tier Only
A student ate a meal which contained a type of biomolecule, X.
The digestion of biomolecule X started in the mouth, and finished in the duodenum.
What is the product of the digestion of biomolecule X?
Amino acids
Protein
Glucose
Starch
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Extended Tier Only
Below is a list of chemical reactions that occur during digestion.
Protein → amino acids
Starch → maltose
Lipids → fatty acids + glycerol
Maltose → glucose
Which of the chemical reactions above might occur in the duodenum?
1, 3 and 4
4 only
2, 3 and 4
All 4
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Extended Tier Only
Which of the following shows the correct role of a substance made during digestion?
| substance | made by | effect |
A | trypsin | stomach | digests proteins into amino acids |
B | bile | gallbladder | neutralising acidic mixture of food entering the duodenum from the stomach |
C | gastric juice | stomach | denaturing enzymes in harmful microorganisms and optimising pH for pepsin activity |
D | bile | liver | neutralising alkaline mixture of food entering the duodenum from the stomach |
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The diagram below shows the organs of the digestive system, including the alimentary canal and accessory organs.
Where are most of the digestive lipase enzymes made in the body?
2 only
4 only
3 and 4
1 and 4
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