Terminology (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Combined Science: Chemistry): Flashcards
Exam code: 0653
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Define a saturated compound.
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Define a saturated compound.
A saturated compound is a molecule in which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds (C-C). Alkanes are examples of saturated compounds.
What is the general formula of the alkanes and the alkenes?
Alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2. Alkenes have the general formula CnH2n.
Define an unsaturated compound.
An unsaturated compound is a molecule in which one or more carbon-carbon bonds are not single bonds. Alkenes contain a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) and are examples of unsaturated compounds.
True or False?
Alkanes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
False.
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. They contain only single carbon-carbon bonds (C-C). It is alkenes that are unsaturated because they contain a C=C double bond.
Name the first three members of the alkane series and give their molecular formulae.
Methane: CH4
Ethane: C2H6
Propane: C3H8
A saturated compound has only .......... carbon-carbon bonds, while an unsaturated compound has one or more carbon-carbon .......... bonds.
A saturated compound has only single carbon-carbon bonds, while an unsaturated compound has one or more carbon-carbon bonds that are not single (such as double bonds).
Name the first three members of the alkene series and give their molecular formulae.
Ethene: C2H4
Propene: C3H6
Butene: C4H8
True or False?
Ethene is a saturated hydrocarbon.
False.
Ethene (C2H4) is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. It contains a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C), which makes it an alkene.
The memory aid for saturated vs unsaturated: .......... compounds have .......... bonds only.
The memory aid for saturated vs unsaturated: Saturated compounds have Single bonds only.
Define homologous series.
A homologous series is a family of organic compounds that share the same functional group, have the same general formula, have similar chemical properties, and show a trend in physical properties.
What is the functional group of the alkenes, and what does the name ending reveal about the family?
The functional group of the alkenes is the carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). Alkene names end in -ene, which identifies the compound as belonging to this homologous series.
Define functional group.
A functional group is a group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that is responsible for the characteristic reactions of an organic homologous series. For example, the C=C bond is the functional group of alkenes.
Members of a homologous series have the same .......... and the same .......... formula, but show a trend in physical properties.
Members of a homologous series have the same functional group and the same general formula, but show a trend in physical properties.
Why do members of a homologous series have similar chemical properties?
Members of a homologous series have similar chemical properties because they all contain the same functional group. The functional group is responsible for the characteristic reactions of the series.
True or False?
All members of a homologous series have identical physical properties.
False.
Members of a homologous series show a trend in physical properties. For example, boiling point, melting point, and viscosity all increase as molecule size increases.
How does the boiling point change as molecules in a homologous series get larger, and why?
Boiling point increases as molecules get larger. Larger molecules have stronger intermolecular forces, so more energy is needed to separate them.
Each successive member of a homologous series differs from the next by a .......... unit.
Each successive member of a homologous series differs from the next by a CH2 unit.
True or False?
Alkanes and alkenes belong to the same homologous series.
False.
Alkanes and alkenes are different homologous series. Alkanes have the functional group C-C (single bond) and end in -ane; alkenes have the functional group C=C (double bond) and end in -ene.
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