The Periodic Table & Trends (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Combined Science: Chemistry): Flashcards
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- FrontThe Periodic Table
What is a period in the Periodic Table?
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What is a period in the Periodic Table?
A period is a horizontal row in the Periodic Table. The period number tells you how many electron shells the atoms of those elements have.
Elements in the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing .......... number, from left to right.
Elements in the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing atomic (proton) number, from left to right.
What information does the group number of an element give you about its atoms?
The group number shows how many electrons are in the outermost shell of the atom. For example, Group 2 elements have 2 electrons in their outer shell. This rule applies to Groups I-VII but not to Group 0 (noble gases), which have full outer shells.
True or False?
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
True.
Elements in the same group have the same number of outer shell electrons, which gives them similar chemical properties and reactivity patterns.
Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?
Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell. Chemical reactions involve outer shell electrons, so elements with the same outer electron count behave similarly. This pattern holds for Groups I-VII but not Group 0, whose full outer shells make them unreactive.
The Periodic Table is arranged in vertical columns called .......... and horizontal rows called .......... .
The Periodic Table is arranged in vertical columns called groups and horizontal rows called periods.
True or False?
The period number tells you the number of electron shells in an atom.
True.
The period number equals the number of electron shells. For example, elements in Period 3 have three electron shells.
An element is in Group VI and Period 3. How many electrons does one of its atoms have in its outer shell, and how many shells does it have in total?
The element has 6 outer shell electrons (from Group VI) and 3 electron shells in total (from Period 3).
How does metallic character change as you move across a period from left to right?
Metallic character decreases across a period from left to right. Atoms become less likely to lose electrons and more likely to gain or share them, making elements progressively less metallic.
True or False?
Metallic character increases as you move down a group.
True.
Going down a group, atoms have more electron shells, making it easier to lose outer electrons. This increases metallic character down a group.
Metals are found on the .......... side of the Periodic Table, while non-metals are found on the .......... side.
Metals are found on the left-hand side of the Periodic Table, while non-metals are found on the right-hand side.
What are metalloids (semi-metals)?
Metalloids are elements that display properties of both metals and non-metals. They are found along the zig-zag boundary between metals and non-metals in the Periodic Table.
The reactivity of Group I metals increases down the group. Predict whether rubidium or caesium reacts more vigorously with water.
Caesium reacts more vigorously. Caesium is lower in Group I than rubidium, so it is more reactive. It can explode on contact with water due to the rapid release of heat and hydrogen gas.
True or False?
Non-metals generally have high melting points and are good conductors of electricity.
False.
Non-metals typically have low melting points and are poor conductors of electricity. These properties distinguish them from metals.
Metals typically form .......... oxides and react with acids, while non-metals form .......... oxides and do not react with acids.
Metals typically form basic oxides and react with acids, while non-metals form acidic oxides and do not react with acids.
Describe the trend in reactivity of Group I metals going down the group, using the reactions of lithium, sodium and potassium with water as evidence.
Reactivity increases down Group I. Lithium reacts slowly with gentle fizzing, sodium reacts more vigorously and moves rapidly on water, and potassium reacts even more vigorously, burning with a lilac flame.
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