Define carboxylic acid .

A carboxylic acid is a compound containing the -COOH functional group. It is a weak acid that partially dissociates in water, giving a pH below 7.

Name three ways carboxylic acids can be produced.

Oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes with acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7 or acidified KMnO 4 under reflux. Hydrolysis of nitriles using dilute acid or dilute alkali followed by acidification. Hydrolysis of esters using dilute acid or dilute alkali followed by acidification.

True or False? Hydrolysis of a nitrile with dilute acid forms a carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt.

True. Acid hydrolysis of a nitrile converts the -CN group to a -COOH group and also produces an ammonium salt.

Carboxylic acids are .......... acids because they only .......... dissociate in water, leaving the equilibrium position to the left.

Carboxylic acids are weak acids because they only partially dissociate in water, leaving the equilibrium position to the left.

What is observed and what gas is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with a carbonate?

The carbonate fizzes and carbon dioxide gas is produced. The reaction is an acid-base reaction forming a salt and water alongside the CO 2 (g).

True or False? LiAlH 4 can reduce a carboxylic acid to a primary alcohol, but NaBH 4 cannot.

True. LiAlH 4 is a stronger reducing agent than NaBH 4 and can reduce carboxylic acids to primary alcohols. NaBH 4 is not powerful enough for this reaction.

Alkaline hydrolysis of an ester is an .......... reaction that first forms a sodium .......... salt, which requires acidification to give the carboxylic acid.

Alkaline hydrolysis of an ester is an irreversible reaction that first forms a sodium carboxylate salt, which requires acidification to give the carboxylic acid.

A hydrolysis is the breakdown of a compound using water (or dilute acid/alkali), converting functional groups such as -CN or -COOR into -COOH.

What type of reaction is esterification, and what are the reagents and conditions needed?

Esterification is a condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, heated under reflux with a strong acid catalyst (H 2 SO 4 or H 3 PO 4 ), producing an ester and water.

A LevelChemistryCambridge (CIE)Flashcards18. Carboxylic Acids & DerivativesCarboxylic Acids

Carboxylic Acids (Cambridge (CIE) A Level Chemistry): Flashcards

Exam code: 9701

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FrontCarboxylic Acids
Define carboxylic acid.
FrontCarboxylic Acids
Name three ways carboxylic acids can be produced.
BackCarboxylic Acids
Oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes with acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ or acidified KMnO₄ under reflux.
Hydrolysis of nitriles using dilute acid or dilute alkali followed by acidification.
Hydrolysis of esters using dilute acid or dilute alkali followed by acidification.

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Cards in this collection (9)

Define carboxylic acid.
A carboxylic acid is a compound containing the -COOH functional group. It is a weak acid that partially dissociates in water, giving a pH below 7.
Name three ways carboxylic acids can be produced.
1. Oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes with acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ or acidified KMnO₄ under reflux.
2. Hydrolysis of nitriles using dilute acid or dilute alkali followed by acidification.
3. Hydrolysis of esters using dilute acid or dilute alkali followed by acidification.
True or False?
Hydrolysis of a nitrile with dilute acid forms a carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt.
True.
Acid hydrolysis of a nitrile converts the -CN group to a -COOH group and also produces an ammonium salt.
Carboxylic acids are .......... acids because they only .......... dissociate in water, leaving the equilibrium position to the left.
Carboxylic acids are weak acids because they only partially dissociate in water, leaving the equilibrium position to the left.
What is observed and what gas is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with a carbonate?
The carbonate fizzes and carbon dioxide gas is produced. The reaction is an acid-base reaction forming a salt and water alongside the CO₂(g).
True or False?
LiAlH₄ can reduce a carboxylic acid to a primary alcohol, but NaBH₄ cannot.
True.
LiAlH₄ is a stronger reducing agent than NaBH₄ and can reduce carboxylic acids to primary alcohols. NaBH₄ is not powerful enough for this reaction.
Alkaline hydrolysis of an ester is an .......... reaction that first forms a sodium .......... salt, which requires acidification to give the carboxylic acid.
Alkaline hydrolysis of an ester is an irreversible reaction that first forms a sodium carboxylate salt, which requires acidification to give the carboxylic acid.
Define hydrolysis.
A hydrolysis is the breakdown of a compound using water (or dilute acid/alkali), converting functional groups such as -CN or -COOR into -COOH.
What type of reaction is esterification, and what are the reagents and conditions needed?
Esterification is a condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, heated under reflux with a strong acid catalyst (H₂SO₄ or H₃PO₄), producing an ester and water.

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