An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, formed when electrons are transferred from a metal atom (forming a cation) to a non-metal atom (forming an anion).

What electronic configuration do ions typically adopt after ionic bond formation?

Ions adopt the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas , giving them a full outer shell. For example, K + and Cl - both have the configuration [2,8,8], the same as argon.

True or False? In ionic bonding, the metal atom gains electrons to form a cation.

False. The metal atom loses electrons to form a positively charged cation. The non-metal atom gains electrons to form a negatively charged anion.

Ionic compounds form a .......... structure in which cations and anions are arranged in a regular repeating pattern so the overall compound is electrically .......... .

Ionic compounds form a lattice structure in which cations and anions are arranged in a regular repeating pattern so the overall compound is electrically neutral .

An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when a non-metal atom gains one or more electrons during ionic bond formation.

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

The electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions in the lattice act in all directions and are very strong. A large amount of energy is needed to overcome these forces, resulting in high melting points.

True or False? The ionic bond acts only between two specific oppositely charged ions.

False. The ionic bond acts in all directions . Each ion is attracted to all surrounding oppositely charged ions in the lattice.

In potassium chloride, the potassium atom .......... one electron to form a .......... ion, and the chlorine atom .......... that electron to form a chloride ion.

In potassium chloride, the potassium atom loses one electron to form a K + ion, and the chlorine atom gains that electron to form a chloride ion.

How can you use the periodic table to predict the charge on an ion formed by ionic bonding?

The group number indicates how many electrons a metal loses (for Groups 1 and 2) or how many a non-metal gains (for Groups 6 and 7), giving the ion charge. For example, Group 2 metals lose 2 electrons to form 2+ cations.

What ions are formed when sodium and chlorine react, and what is the formula of the ionic compound produced?

Sodium loses 1 electron to form Na + and chlorine gains 1 electron to form Cl - . The ionic compound formed is NaCl (sodium chloride).

True or False? In magnesium oxide, magnesium forms a 2+ ion and oxygen forms a 2- ion.

True. Magnesium (Group 2) loses 2 electrons to form Mg 2+ and oxygen (Group 6) gains 2 electrons to form O 2- , giving the neutral compound MgO.

In calcium fluoride, one Ca 2+ ion bonds with .......... F - ions because each fluorine can only accept .......... electron, giving the formula .......... .

In calcium fluoride, one Ca 2+ ion bonds with two F - ions because each fluorine can only accept one electron, giving the formula CaF 2 .

Define dot and cross diagram .

A dot and cross diagram is a representation of ionic or covalent bonding in which electrons from different atoms are shown as dots or crosses, indicating which atom each electron originated from.

How many lithium ions are needed to form lithium nitride (Li 3 N), and why?

Three Li + ions are needed because nitrogen gains 3 electrons to form N 3- , and each lithium can only donate 1 electron. Three Li + ions balance the 3- charge of one N 3- ion.

True or False? Aluminium oxide has the formula AlO.

False. Aluminium forms Al 3+ and oxygen forms O 2- . To balance the charges, 2 Al 3+ ions and 3 O 2- ions are needed, giving the formula Al 2 O 3 .

In ionic bonding, the final ionic solid is always electrically .......... because positive and negative charges .......... each other.

In ionic bonding, the final ionic solid is always electrically neutral because positive and negative charges cancel each other.

What charge does the ion formed by a Group 7 non-metal carry, and why?

A Group 7 non-metal carries a 1- charge because it needs to gain 1 electron to achieve a full outer shell (8 electrons), matching the configuration of the nearest noble gas.

True or False? In NaCl, both the Na + and Cl - ions adopt the electronic configuration of argon.

False. Na + has configuration [2,8] matching neon , while Cl - has configuration [2,8,8] matching argon . They adopt different noble gas configurations, not both argon.

A LevelChemistryCambridge (CIE)Flashcards3. Chemical BondingIonic Bonding

Ionic Bonding (Cambridge (CIE) A Level Chemistry): Flashcards

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Define ionic bond.

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Cards in this collection (18)

Define ionic bond.
An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, formed when electrons are transferred from a metal atom (forming a cation) to a non-metal atom (forming an anion).
What electronic configuration do ions typically adopt after ionic bond formation?
Ions adopt the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas, giving them a full outer shell. For example, K⁺ and Cl^- both have the configuration [2,8,8], the same as argon.
True or False?
In ionic bonding, the metal atom gains electrons to form a cation.
False.
The metal atom loses electrons to form a positively charged cation. The non-metal atom gains electrons to form a negatively charged anion.
Ionic compounds form a .......... structure in which cations and anions are arranged in a regular repeating pattern so the overall compound is electrically .......... .
Ionic compounds form a lattice structure in which cations and anions are arranged in a regular repeating pattern so the overall compound is electrically neutral.
Define anion.
An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when a non-metal atom gains one or more electrons during ionic bond formation.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
The electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions in the lattice act in all directions and are very strong. A large amount of energy is needed to overcome these forces, resulting in high melting points.
True or False?
The ionic bond acts only between two specific oppositely charged ions.
False.
The ionic bond acts in all directions. Each ion is attracted to all surrounding oppositely charged ions in the lattice.
In potassium chloride, the potassium atom .......... one electron to form a .......... ion, and the chlorine atom .......... that electron to form a chloride ion.
In potassium chloride, the potassium atom loses one electron to form a K⁺ ion, and the chlorine atom gains that electron to form a chloride ion.
How can you use the periodic table to predict the charge on an ion formed by ionic bonding?
The group number indicates how many electrons a metal loses (for Groups 1 and 2) or how many a non-metal gains (for Groups 6 and 7), giving the ion charge. For example, Group 2 metals lose 2 electrons to form 2+ cations.
What ions are formed when sodium and chlorine react, and what is the formula of the ionic compound produced?
Sodium loses 1 electron to form Na⁺ and chlorine gains 1 electron to form Cl^-. The ionic compound formed is NaCl (sodium chloride).
True or False?
In magnesium oxide, magnesium forms a 2+ ion and oxygen forms a 2- ion.
True.
Magnesium (Group 2) loses 2 electrons to form Mg²⁺ and oxygen (Group 6) gains 2 electrons to form O^2-, giving the neutral compound MgO.
In calcium fluoride, one Ca²⁺ ion bonds with .......... F^- ions because each fluorine can only accept .......... electron, giving the formula .......... .
In calcium fluoride, one Ca²⁺ ion bonds with two F^- ions because each fluorine can only accept one electron, giving the formula CaF₂.
Define dot and cross diagram.
A dot and cross diagram is a representation of ionic or covalent bonding in which electrons from different atoms are shown as dots or crosses, indicating which atom each electron originated from.
How many lithium ions are needed to form lithium nitride (Li₃N), and why?
Three Li⁺ ions are needed because nitrogen gains 3 electrons to form N^3-, and each lithium can only donate 1 electron. Three Li⁺ ions balance the 3- charge of one N^3- ion.
True or False?
Aluminium oxide has the formula AlO.
False.
Aluminium forms Al³⁺ and oxygen forms O^2-. To balance the charges, 2 Al³⁺ ions and 3 O^2- ions are needed, giving the formula Al₂O₃.
In ionic bonding, the final ionic solid is always electrically .......... because positive and negative charges .......... each other.
In ionic bonding, the final ionic solid is always electrically neutral because positive and negative charges cancel each other.
What charge does the ion formed by a Group 7 non-metal carry, and why?
A Group 7 non-metal carries a 1- charge because it needs to gain 1 electron to achieve a full outer shell (8 electrons), matching the configuration of the nearest noble gas.
True or False?
In NaCl, both the Na⁺ and Cl^- ions adopt the electronic configuration of argon.
False.
Na⁺ has configuration [2,8] matching neon, while Cl^- has configuration [2,8,8] matching argon. They adopt different noble gas configurations, not both argon.

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