Legal and Ethical Concerns (College Board AP® Computer Science Principles): Flashcards
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Define intellectual property.
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Cards in this collection (15)
Define intellectual property.
Intellectual property is creations of the mind, including written works, software, music, images, and videos.
Who owns material created on a computer?
Material created on a computer is the intellectual property of the creator, unless ownership has been transferred.
Why does digital distribution raise legal concerns about intellectual property?
Digital distribution makes it simple to copy and share material, raising concerns about ownership and unauthorized use.
What do copyright laws do?
Copyright laws give creators control over how their work is used, copied, and distributed.
Define plagiarism.
Plagiarism is using material created by someone else without permission and presenting it as one's own.
Name two safeguards used to protect digital intellectual property.
Safeguards include licensing agreements, watermarks, and digital rights management (DRM).
Define Creative Commons.
Creative Commons licenses allow creators to specify how their work may be used, for example with attribution, non-commercial, or share-alike terms.
Define open source.
Open source licenses allow software code to be freely used, modified, and shared.
Define open access.
Open access gives access to online research output free of all restrictions on access and many restrictions on use.
True or False?
Creative Commons, open source, and open access licenses have restricted access to digital information.
False.
Creative Commons, open source, and open access have all enabled broad access to digital information.
Crediting the original creator when you use someone else's work is called ___________.
Crediting the original creator when you use someone else's work is called attribution. It is an ethical expectation, and many licenses make it a legal requirement.
Name three types of computing innovation that raise legal and ethical concerns.
Innovations that raise concerns include software that enables media downloads and streaming, algorithms that include bias, and devices that continuously monitor user activity.
Name two ways computing innovations can cause harm to individuals.
Computing innovations can cause harm by:
spreading misinformation
enabling online harassment or stalking
creating addictive platforms that affect mental health
automating decisions about employment, healthcare, or legal outcomes
Who shares responsibility for considering the ethical implications of computing innovations?
Programmers, organizations, and users all share responsibility.
Name two ethical questions to ask when designing a computing innovation.
Ethical questions include:
Who benefits, and who might be harmed?
Does it respect individual rights and privacy?
Does it create or amplify existing inequalities?
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