The Internet (College Board AP® Computer Science Principles): Flashcards
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Define computing device.
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Cards in this collection (40)
Define computing device.
A computing device is a physical object that can run a program.
Define computing system.
A computing system is a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose.
Define network.
A network is a group of interconnected computing devices that communicate and share data.
How do computing systems enable collaboration?
Computing systems enable collaboration by allowing multiple users and devices to share resources and work together on tasks.
Define path.
A path is the sequence of directly connected computing devices that data passes through from sender to receiver.
Define routing.
Routing is the process of finding a path from sender to receiver through the network.
True or False?
Data sent between two devices always takes the same path.
False.
The route data takes can change depending on network conditions.
Why is it useful for multiple paths to exist between two devices on a network?
Multiple paths provide flexibility and reliability.
Define bandwidth.
Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data that can be sent through a connection in a fixed amount of time.
In what units is bandwidth measured?
Bandwidth is measured in bits per second (bps), with common units including Kbps, Mbps, and Gbps.
When multiple devices share the same connection, the available bandwidth is _______ among them.
When multiple devices share the same connection, the available bandwidth is divided among them.
Name two reasons the actual rate of data transfer may be lower than the bandwidth.
The actual transfer rate may be lower because of network congestion, distance, or hardware limitations.
Define protocol.
A protocol is an agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of a system.
Define the Internet.
The Internet is a computer network consisting of interconnected networks that use standardized, open (nonproprietary) communication protocols.
True or False?
Adding new networks to the Internet requires changes to its existing infrastructure.
False.
The Internet was designed to be scalable: new networks and devices can be added without changing the existing infrastructure.
Why does the use of open protocols make the Internet easy to grow?
Open protocols allow users to easily connect additional computing devices to the Internet.
True or False?
Only devices from approved manufacturers can communicate on the Internet.
False.
Any device, regardless of manufacturer or operating system, can communicate on the Internet as long as it follows the protocols.
What does it mean that routing on the Internet is dynamic?
Dynamic routing means the path is not specified in advance and can be chosen in real time based on current network conditions.
Define scalability.
Scalability is the capacity for a system to change in size and scale to meet new demands.
Which two features together support the Internet's scalability?
Open protocols and dynamic routing together support the Internet's scalability.
The Internet can keep growing because there is no central point of _______ that needs to approve new connections.
The Internet can keep growing because there is no central point of control that needs to approve new connections.
What does access to the Internet depend on?
Access depends on the ability to connect a computing device to an Internet-connected device.
Information is passed through the Internet as a data ______.
Information is passed through the Internet as a data stream.
Define packet.
A packet is a chunk of data plus metadata used for routing it between origin and destination and for reassembling the data.
Name two items of metadata included in a packet.
Packet metadata includes the source address, the destination address, and the order of the packet within the original data stream.
In what three ways can packets arrive at their destination?
Packets may arrive in order, out of order, or not at all.
True or False?
All the packets that make up one message must travel along the same path.
False.
Packets from the same message may each take a different path through the network.
What happens to packets when they reach their destination?
At the destination, the packets are reassembled into the original data, using the metadata in each packet to put them back in the correct order.
Name two common protocols used for packet transmission on the Internet.
Common packet transmission protocols include IP, TCP, and UDP.
What do packet transmission protocols define rules for?
These protocols define how packets are formatted, addressed, transmitted, and received.
Define World Wide Web.
The World Wide Web is a system of linked pages, programs, and files that uses the Internet.
What does the Internet provide that the World Wide Web relies on?
The Internet provides the infrastructure for data transmission that the World Wide Web relies on.
Define HTTP.
HTTP is a protocol used by the World Wide Web.
What does HTTP define?
HTTP defines how web browsers request and receive content from web servers.
How are web pages connected to each other?
Web pages are connected through hyperlinks.
True or False?
The Internet and the World Wide Web are the same thing.
False.
The World Wide Web is a service that uses the Internet. The Internet is the network it runs on.
True or False?
The Internet can operate without the World Wide Web.
True.
The Internet can operate without the Web, but the Web cannot function without the Internet.
Which came first, the Internet or the World Wide Web?
The Internet existed before the World Wide Web.
Name two Internet services other than the World Wide Web.
Other Internet services include email, file transfer, and video streaming.
HTTP stands for Hypertext ________ Protocol.
HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
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