What is fault tolerance?
The ability of a system to keep functioning even when one or more components fail
The process of removing every possible error from a program
The maximum amount of data a network can carry
The speed at which a system recovers a deleted file
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Why is the Internet considered fault-tolerant?
It never experiences any component failures
Multiple paths exist between devices, so the failure of one device or connection does not stop communication
Every device stores a complete copy of the whole Internet
All data always travels along a single reliable path
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What is redundancy in a network?
Deleting duplicate files to save storage
Sending the same message to every device on the network
The inclusion of extra components, such as additional paths, that can be used if others fail
Reducing the number of connections to save money
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How does redundancy make the Internet more reliable?
It permanently deletes any failed component
It guarantees data will never be delayed
It removes the need for routing decisions
If one connection fails, data can be sent along a different route
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A network connects four routers with several links between them. One link stops working. What most likely happens to the traffic that had been using that link?
It is rerouted through another available path and communication continues
All communication on the network stops until the link is repaired
The remaining routers must be restarted before any data can move
The data is permanently lost with no way to continue
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In a network, which part is most vulnerable to a failure that cuts off communication?
A device that is connected by several independent paths
A device or connection that has only a single path with no backup
A region of the network with many redundant links
A connection that carries very little traffic
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What is the main trade-off of adding redundancy to a network?
It makes the network slower for no benefit
It reduces reliability while saving money
It improves reliability but requires additional resources such as extra hardware or connections
It removes the ability to reroute data
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Which of the following best shows fault tolerance in action?
A website loads more quickly during off-peak hours
A program runs faster because the file it uses was compressed
A user upgrades to a connection with higher bandwidth
A web request still succeeds after a router on its usual path goes offline, by travelling another route
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Which two statements about redundancy on the Internet are true? Select two answers.
It provides fault tolerance by allowing data to take another route if one fails
It removes the need for any routing on the network
It guarantees that data is never delayed or lost
It often requires additional hardware or connections
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A company connects its office to the Internet using a single cable with no backup connection. What is the main risk of this design?
If that one cable fails, the office loses all connectivity because there is no alternative path
The office will have far more bandwidth than it can use
Data will always arrive out of order
The office cannot use any open protocols
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Why is fault tolerance an important design goal for a large, complex system such as the Internet?
Because it allows the system to run using less electricity
Because components of complex systems fail at unexpected times, and fault tolerance lets the system keep working when they do
Because it prevents any component from ever failing
Because it increases the maximum bandwidth of every connection
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Besides improving reliability, what additional benefit does having multiple routing paths between devices give the Internet?
It guarantees that data is never delayed
It removes the need for IP addresses
It reduces the number of devices that can connect
It helps the Internet scale to more devices and people, because multiple paths can share the load
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A network engineer adds a second, independent connection between two data centres that were previously joined by only one link. Which statement best describes the effect of this change?
The network becomes more fault-tolerant, but the extra link requires additional hardware and cost
The network loses fault tolerance because there are now two links that could fail
The change removes the need to route data between the two data centres
The second link guarantees that data can never be delayed or lost
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