A four-year-old child watches an older sibling receive praise for tidying their bedroom. The next day, without being asked, the child tidies their own bedroom. The child has never been directly rewarded for tidying.
Which of the following concepts best explains why the child tidied their room?
Classical conditioning
Observational learning
Negative reinforcement
Operant conditioning
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A researcher places a chimpanzee in an enclosure with a banana suspended from the ceiling. Several wooden crates of different sizes are available on the floor, but none are tall enough individually to reach the banana. The chimpanzee initially explores the crates randomly and unsuccessfully attempts to leap for the banana. After several minutes of apparent inactivity, the chimpanzee suddenly stacks two crates, climbs up, and retrieves the banana on the first attempt.
Which of the following concepts best explains the chimpanzee's problem-solving behavior?
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Insight learning
Classical conditioning
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