1
1 mark
What term is commonly used by sociologists to describe work-related education and training?
Academic
Comprehensive
Marketisation
Vocational
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Roles & Functions of Education (AQA GCSE Sociology): Exam Questions
Exam code: 8192
2 hours22 questions
2
1 mark
What term is commonly used by sociologists to describe the process of learning norms and values that takes place outside the family?
Agency of socialisation
Primary socialisation
Secondary socialisation
Selective socialisation
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3
1 mark
What term is commonly used by sociologists to describe the idea that the school system should be abolished?
De-schooling
Hidden curriculum
Meritocracy
Privatisation
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4
1 mark
What term is commonly used by sociologists to describe schools functioning to transmit the norms and values of society, ensuring conformity?
Ethnocentric curriculum
Meritocracy
Role allocation
Social solidarity
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5
1 mark
What term is commonly used by sociologists to describe the informal learning of rules, routines, and values that takes place outside of timetabled lessons in school?
Formal curriculum
Hidden curriculum
Ethos
Ethnocentric curriculum
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6
1 mark
What term is commonly used by sociologists to describe a system in which individuals’ achievements are based on their own talents and efforts rather than their social backgrounds?
Inclusivity
Meritocracy
Pluralism
Social solidarity
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7
1 mark
Which term is commonly used by sociologists to describe the academic subjects taught in schools?
Formal curriculum
Hidden curriculum
Optional curriculum
Vocational curriculum
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1
3 marks
Identify and describe one example of the correspondence principle.
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2
3 marks
Describe one function of education.
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3
4 marks
Item D
According to sociologist Emile Durkheim, the main function of education was passing on society’s norms and values. He believed that subjects like history reinforce shared norms and values, encouraging children to see themselves as part of society.
In Durkheim’s view, rules should be strictly enforced in order for children to learn self-discipline and to understand that misbehaviour damages society as a whole. He argued that by experiencing sanctions at school and by respecting the school rules, children learn to respect rules in society.
Source: Durkheim, E, Moral Education, 1925
From Item D, identify and describe one way in which Durkheim believed education to be important to society, including what you know of his perspective on education.
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4
4 marks
Identify and explain one possible disadvantage of using a longitudinal study to investigate the effects of home-schooling on students.
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5
4 marks
Item D
Sociologist Talcott Parsons suggested that school acts as a bridge between the home and wider society. School plays a key role in the process of socialisation, following on from the socialisation that takes place in the family. Parsons argued that this is necessary because the family and wider society work in different ways and children need to adapt if they are to cope in the wider world. Schools continue the socialisation process of teaching the norms and values of society. Parsons also suggested that, in families, status is fixed at birth. This is known as ascribed status. However, in society, status based on merit is achieved, rather than ascribed. Parsons believed that education makes the transition from family to society possible by getting people used to universal values and achieved status. Source: Parsons, T, ‘The school class as a social system’ in Halsey et al., Education, Economy and Society, New York, The Free Press, (1961) |
From Item D, identify and describe one way in which Parsons saw the education system as important, including what you know of his perspective on education.
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6
4 marks
Item D
Sociologists Bowles and Gintis suggested that there was a close connection between relationships in the workplace and in education; they described this as a ‘correspondence principle’. They argued that capitalism required hardworking, obedient workers and that the education system helped to produce this kind of workforce. They believed that what happened in schools was similar to what happened in the workplace. Education, in their view, prepared the child for their future role in an unequal society. Source: S Bowles and H Gintis, Schooling in Capitalist America (1976) |
From Item D, identify and describe one example of how the correspondence principle works according to Bowles and Gintis, including what you know of their perspective on education.
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7
3 marks
Identify and describe one way in which the formal curriculum is different to the hidden curriculum.
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8
3 marks
Describe the hidden curriculum in education.
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1
12 marks
Discuss how far sociologists would agree that the main function of schools is to teach the norms and values of a society.
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2
12 marks
Discuss how far sociologists would agree that the main function of the education system is to prepare students for work.
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3
12 marks
Discuss how far sociologists would agree that the main function of the education system is to teach children how to become part of society.
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4
12 marks
Discuss how far sociologists agree that the main function of the education system is to serve the needs of the economy.
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5
12 marks
Discuss how far sociologists would agree that family background is the most important factor in explaining differences in students’ educational achievement.
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6
12 marks
Discuss how far sociologists would agree that the education system enables upward social mobility.
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7
12 marks
Discuss how far sociologists would agree that the main role of the education system is to prepare students for the needs of the economy and the workplace.
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