Factors Affecting Educational Achievement: Gender (AQA GCSE Sociology): Flashcards
Exam code: 8192
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How has the pattern of gender and educational achievement changed over time?
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How has the pattern of gender and educational achievement changed over time?
The pattern of gender and educational achievement has changed over time: traditionally boys achieved better A Level results, but by the early 2000s girls were doing better at both GCSE and A Level.
True or False?
Men in the UK are more likely than women to go to university.
False.
Women in the UK are 35% more likely than men to go to university.
How has feminism helped to improve girls' achievement?
Feminism challenged the idea that women should be homemakers, so girls are now more focused on paid employment and financial independence.
What did Sharpe (1994) find about girls' priorities?
Sharpe found that girls in the 1970s valued marriage and love, but by the 1990s they valued careers and being able to support themselves.
Give one legal change that has improved girls' educational opportunities.
The Sex Discrimination Act (1975) and the Equality Act (2010) made gender discrimination in education illegal.
The increasing number of female teachers and headteachers may act as for girls.
The increasing number of female teachers and headteachers may act as role models for girls.
How has removing gender stereotypes from learning materials helped girls?
Removing gender stereotypes from learning materials presents girls with positive images of what women can do, removing barriers to their achievement.
How do radical feminists view the improvement in girls' achievement?
Radical feminists argue the education system remains patriarchal, as girls still experience sexism and men are more likely to become heads.
How do post-16 subject choices differ by gender?
Males are more likely to study computing, physics, further maths and economics, while females are more likely to study sociology, English literature and health and social care.
How can gendered language in textbooks affect girls?
Using 'he', 'him' and 'man' to refer to people can downgrade women and make them invisible.
Define gender-based career guidance.
Gender-based career guidance is the tendency for girls to be directed towards the caring professions.
How can canalisation at home affect subject choice?
Canalisation at home can affect subject choice because parents channel children towards gender-appropriate toys; for example, care-related toys may lead girls to see health and social care as a female subject.
How can peer group pressure affect subject choice?
Peer group pressure can affect subject choice because students may avoid a subject for fear of ridicule or disapproval from peers for not conforming to gender norms.
True or False?
Single-sex schools are thought to reduce girls' performance in traditionally male subjects.
False.
Some researchers have found that single-sex schools improve girls' performance in traditionally male subjects.
What did Harris et al. (1993) find about boys' self-esteem and motivation?
Harris et al. found that boys tend to suffer from low self-esteem and poor motivation.
How does laddish culture affect boys' learning?
Laddish culture encourages anti-learning attitudes, as it is seen as uncool to work hard.
According to Harris et al., how do boys compare with girls on homework?
Boys are less willing to do homework and spend less time on it than girls.
True or False?
Harris et al. found that boys are more likely than girls to think about their future.
False.
Boys were less inclined to consider their future and how crucial qualifications are to it.
Define feminisation of education.
The feminisation of education is the idea that schools have become biased towards females, for example because most primary teachers are women.
Why might the shortage of male primary teachers affect boys?
The shortage of male primary teachers might affect boys because there are not enough male role models to reduce macho or laddish behaviour among boys.
Moir and Moir (1998) suggest that schools have become too ' '.
Moir and Moir (1998) suggest that schools have become too 'girl friendly'.
According to Moir and Moir, how are boys forced to learn in ways that do not suit them?
Boys must learn in non-competitive settings, through coursework and with a focus on verbal rather than practical skills.
How can teacher expectations contribute to boys' underachievement?
Teachers may have lower expectations of boys, and this labelling may lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Define crisis of masculinity.
A crisis of masculinity is where males feel they no longer have a clear role in society, as their traditional masculine identity is under threat.
How does the crisis of masculinity affect boys at school?
The crisis of masculinity lowers boys' self-esteem and motivation, as they are uncertain about their future.
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